Pharmaceutical Specialties, Inc. || Skin Deep: Cosmetic Safety Reviews

Manufacturer: Pharmaceutical Specialties, Inc.

Brands: Vanicream, Free & Clear, Robathol, Vitec, Pharmaceutical Specialties

COMPANY SUMMARY

product score range	1	to	4
product count	23		(browse)
ingredient count	64
(why scores have changed)

COMPANY POLICIES

Compact for Safe Cosmetics
Non-signer: This company has not signed the Compact.

Animal Testing Policy
This company's animal testing policy is unknown.

Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients used by this company -- not the products -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.

Ingredients used by this company:
	Cancer
	Developmental/reproductive toxicity
	Violations, restrictions & warnings
	Allergies/immunotoxicity
	Other concerns for ingredients used by this company: Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes

See all 23 products by Pharmaceutical Specialties, Inc.

Product type(s) by this company in Skin Deep: after sun product (1), body wash/cleanser (1), eczema/damaged skin treatment (1), facial cleanser (1), hair spray (1), moisturizer (2), shampoo (2), sunscreen: SPF 15-30 (1), sunscreen: SPF greater than 30 (2)

ingredients

	score	data gap	products *	concerns
NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE	2	87%	2 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes
NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)	3	70%	3 products	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
CETEARETH-20	8	71%	2 products	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
POLYETHYLENE	6	69%	3 products	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)	6	65%	1 products	Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Enhanced skin absorption, Biochemical or cellular level changes
ALUMINA	6	85%	2 products	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Neurotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Enhanced skin absorption, Occupational hazards
CETYL PEG/ PPG-10/ 1 DIMETHICONE	4	76%	1 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE	4	76%	2 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PEG-30 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATE	4	76%	3 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE 1000	6	76%	3 products	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PEG-12 DIMETHICONE	4	75%	4 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
BHT	6	61%	3 products	Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes
SD ALCOHOL 40B	4	81%	1 products	Cancer, Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Multiple, additive exposure sources, Enhanced skin absorption
TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)	1	81%	1 products	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE	4	81%	2 products	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE)
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE	4	73%	1 products	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES)
PROPYLENE GLYCOL	4	60%	3 products	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption
DISODIUM LAURETH SULFOSUCCINATE	3	94%	1 products	Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PHYTANTRIOL	3	88%	1 products	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE	3	87%	2 products	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
SORBIC ACID	3	80%	3 products	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE	2	79%	1 products	Persistence and bioaccumulation
ACRYLATES COPOLYMER	3	75%	1 products	Contamination concerns (METHACRYLIC ACID, ACRYLIC ACID, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE)
DIMETHICONE	2	74%	1 products	Violations, restrictions & warnings
CITRIC ACID	2	72%	2 products	Violations, restrictions & warnings
WHITE PETROLATUM	2	94%	3 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (PAHS)
TOCOPHEROL	2	87%	1 products	Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE)
CYCLOMETHICONE	2	83%	1 products	Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
MAGNESIUM SULFATE	2	82%	2 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
TETRASODIUM EDTA	2	81%	4 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Occupational hazards
PARAFFIN	2	80%	1 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
GLYCERIN	2	74%	1 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
STEARIC ACID	2	74%	1 products	Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL	2	71%	1 products	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES, OXAZOLIDINE)
C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE	0	94%	2 products	none identified
CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE	0	94%	2 products	none identified
CETEARYL ALCOHOL	0	93%	3 products	none identified
COCAMIDOPROPYLAMINE OXIDE	0	93%	2 products	none identified
PHENYL TRIMETHICONE	0	93%	2 products	none identified
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE	1	88%	3 products	none identified
SORBITOL	1	88%	3 products	none identified
CETYL ALCOHOL	1	87%	2 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE	1	87%	1 products	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
POTASSIUM SORBATE	1	85%	2 products	none identified
SODIUM STEARATE	1	83%	1 products	Occupational hazards
SODIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE	1	73%	1 products	none identified
ACRYLATES/ OCTYLACRYLAMIDE COPOLYMER	0	100%	1 products	none identified
CETEARYL ISONONANOATE	0	100%	2 products	none identified
DIMETHICONAL	0	100%	1 products	none identified
ISOPROPYL TITANIUM TRIISOSTEARATE/TRIETHOXYCAPRYLYLSILANE COPOLYMER	0	100%	2 products	none identified
METHYLPROPANEDIOL	0	100%	2 products	none identified
POLYURETHANE-1	0	100%	1 products	none identified
SIMETHICONE	0	100%	3 products	none identified
TRIDECYL NEOPENTANOATE	0	100%	1 products	none identified
TRIETHOXYCAPRYLYLSILANE	0	100%	3 products	none identified
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE	0	100%	1 products	none identified
SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE	0	99%	2 products	none identified
STEARYL DIMETHICONE	0	99%	2 products	none identified
POLYHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID	0	94%	2 products	none identified
SODIUM COCOATE	0	94%	1 products	none identified
SODIUM ISETHIONATE	0	94%	1 products	none identified
COCONUT ACID	0	93%	1 products	none identified
HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL	0	93%	1 products	none identified
WATER	0	0%	9 products	innocuous

* Product counts only include current formulations sold by this company. The company may have other discontinued formulations that use this ingredient. Clicking on the link "X products" will identify all product formulations by this company that have used the ingredient.

Cancer*

*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Limited evidence of carcinogenicity	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen		BHT, POLYETHYLENE
Not likely to be carcinogenic in humans		STEARIC ACID
Cancer - limited evidence		SD ALCOHOL 40B
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		GLYCERIN, POTASSIUM SORBATE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, SORBIC ACID, SORBITOL, TOCOPHEROL, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE,
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at moderate doses		ALUMINA, PARAFFIN,
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at moderate doses		CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results		MAGNESIUM SULFATE

Developmental/reproductive toxicity*

*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity		SD ALCOHOL 40B
Human nervous system toxicant - moderate evidence		ALUMINA
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		GLYCERIN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL,
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses		BHT, MAGNESIUM SULFATE

Violations, restrictions & warnings*

*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Violation of industry recommendations - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Not safe for use on injured or damaged skin	products for use on damaged skin	CETEARETH-20, CETYL PEG/ PPG-10/ 1 DIMETHICONE, PEG-12 DIMETHICONE, PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, PEG-30 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATE, POLYETHYLENE, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE 1000
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - any		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Japan - restricted for use in some types of cosmetics (concentration limit)	products for use around the eyes; products for use on the lips	OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics		CITRIC ACID
Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Product type restrictions or differences noted in safety assessment by industry panel		DIMETHICONE
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications		ACRYLATES COPOLYMER, AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL, CETEARETH-20, CETYL PEG/ PPG-10/ 1 DIMETHICONE, PEG-12 DIMETHICONE, PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, PEG-30 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATE, POLYETHYLENE, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE 1000, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, SODIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE

Neurotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Strong evidence of human neurotoxicity		ALUMINA
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at very low doses		STEARIC ACID
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at low doses		BHT
One or more animal studies show any effects at moderate doses		CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL, CETEARETH-20, MAGNESIUM SULFATE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		GLYCERIN, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), POLYETHYLENE, POTASSIUM SORBATE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
nervous system - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study		SD ALCOHOL 40B

Endocrine disruption*

*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Human any disruptor - strong evidence		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
One or more animal studies show endocrine disruption at moderate doses		CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses		BHT, GLYCERIN

Allergies/immunotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Known human immune system toxicant		BHT
Human immune and respiratory toxicant - strong evidence		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence		PHYTANTRIOL, SORBIC ACID, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity		PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Human immune system toxicant - moderate evidence		POLYETHYLENE
One or more animal studies show immune effects at low doses	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
One or more human case studies show possible photoallergic effects		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)

Persistence and bioaccumulation*

*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife		CYCLOMETHICONE, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
Ingredient is suspected or measured to accumulate in people		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
Not suspected to be persistent		AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL, AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE, C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE, CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, CETEARETH-20, CETEARYL ALCOHOL, CITRIC ACID, COCAMIDOPROPYLAMINE OXIDE, COCONUT ACID, DIMETHICONE, DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE, DISODIUM LAURETH SULFOSUCCINATE, GLYCERIN, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL, POTASSIUM SORBATE, SODIUM COCOATE, SODIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE, SODIUM ISETHIONATE, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, SODIUM STEARATE, SORBIC ACID, SORBITOL, STEARIC ACID
Not suspected to be persistent		CETYL ALCOHOL
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative		MAGNESIUM SULFATE, PHENYL TRIMETHICONE, POLYETHYLENE, POLYHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID, TOCOPHEROL, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, WATER
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative		ALUMINA, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), WHITE PETROLATUM, NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*

*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Limited evidence of eye toxicity	products for use around the eyes	TETRASODIUM EDTA
Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Possible human immune system toxicant		POLYETHYLENE
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at very low doses		MAGNESIUM SULFATE, GLYCERIN,
One or more animal studies show respiratory effects at very low doses	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	STEARIC ACID, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	CITRIC ACID, DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE
One or more animal studies show respiratory effects at low doses	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	BHT
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at low doses	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	CETEARETH-20
Limited evidence of any toxicity	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	ALUMINA, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
Limited evidence of gastrointestinal or liver toxicity		SD ALCOHOL 40B, CETYL PEG/ PPG-10/ 1 DIMETHICONE, PEG-12 DIMETHICONE, PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, PEG-30 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATE, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE 1000, SORBIC ACID
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, POTASSIUM SORBATE, SODIUM STEARATE, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE,
One or more animal studies show respiratory effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	CETYL ALCOHOL, CYCLOMETHICONE, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, PARAFFIN
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		SODIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE, SORBITOL,
One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful		DIMETHICONE
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful		WHITE PETROLATUM
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful		C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE, CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, CETEARYL ALCOHOL, COCAMIDOPROPYLAMINE OXIDE, COCONUT ACID, DISODIUM LAURETH SULFOSUCCINATE, HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL, PHENYL TRIMETHICONE, POLYHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID, SODIUM COCOATE, SODIUM ISETHIONATE, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, TOCOPHEROL, WATER

Multiple, additive exposure sources*

*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available		SD ALCOHOL 40B
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food		BHT, CETYL ALCOHOL, CETYL PEG/ PPG-10/ 1 DIMETHICONE, CITRIC ACID, DIMETHICONE, GLYCERIN, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, MAGNESIUM SULFATE, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), PARAFFIN, PEG-12 DIMETHICONE, PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE, PEG-30 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATE, POLYETHYLENE, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE 1000, POTASSIUM SORBATE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, SODIUM STEARATE, SORBIC ACID, SORBITOL, STEARIC ACID, TETRASODIUM EDTA, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), TOCOPHEROL, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, WHITE PETROLATUM, NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*

*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Classified as irritant		AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE, PHYTANTRIOL, POLYETHYLENE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses		CETYL ALCOHOL, DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE, SORBIC ACID
One or more animal studies show significant but moderate pulmonary irritation at low doses	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)
One or more animal studies show significant but moderate pulmonary irritation at low doses		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses		BHT, CETEARETH-20, STEARIC ACID, TETRASODIUM EDTA
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses		CITRIC ACID, CYCLOMETHICONE, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, GLYCERIN, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), PARAFFIN

Occupational hazards*

*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE, TETRASODIUM EDTA
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		BHT, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), PARAFFIN
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses		ALUMINA, GLYCERIN, SODIUM STEARATE

Biochemical or cellular level changes*

*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at very low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE,
One or more animal studies show respiratory changes at very low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood	products that may be aerosolized (airborne)	TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		BHT
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		CITRIC ACID, CYCLOMETHICONE, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, GLYCERIN, MAGNESIUM SULFATE, POLYETHYLENE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease.		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)