FD&C YELLOW 5
Colorant
Also listed as
YELLOW 5, FD&C YELLOW NO. 5
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
| This ingredient: | |
 | Cancer |
| Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
 | Violations, restrictions & warnings |
| Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| Contamination concerns |
 | Other moderate concerns for this ingredient: Neurotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
|
See products containing FD&C YELLOW 5 | |
About FD&C YELLOW 5: To identify the colorant allowed for use in Japan, the INCI name Ki4 must be used.
This ingredient may be derived from animals. From PETA's Caring Consumer: Pigments from animal, plant, and synthetic sources used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. Cochineal is from insects. Widely used FD&C and D&C colors are coaltar (bituminous coal) derivatives that are continously tested on animals due to their carcinogenic properties. Alternatives: grapes, beets, turmeric, saffron, carrots, chlorophyll, annatto, alkanet.
FD&C YELLOW 5 has reported used in the following product types: moisturizer (235); shampoo (188); fragrance for women (181); body wash/cleanser (176); conditioner (167); facial cleanser (156); facial moisturizer/treatment (123); styling gel/lotion (109); fragrance for men (105); lipstick (95)
Neurotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Annals of Allergy 1959 | |
| show more | ||
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Persistent or bioaccumulative and moderate to high toxicity concern in humans | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show musculoskeletal effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Annals of Allergy 1959 | |
| Classified as medium human health priority | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 2002 | |
| show more | ||
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1977 | |
| show more | ||
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| 122 studies on toxicity in PubMed see search results -> | PubMed |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Ecotoxicology
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| FDA Color Additive Status | FD&C YELLOW 5 | •Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics •Color additive approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FD&C YELLOW NO. 5 | • Fully up-to-date toxicology information has been sought. |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | 1H-PYRAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 4,5-DIHYDRO-5-OXO-1-(4-SULFOPHENYL) -4-[(4-SULFOPHENYL)AZO]-, TRISODIUM SALT | •This chemical was deemed a human health priority even though it did not meet the strict criteria of the categorization exercise of CEPA. The chemical was flagged for persistence. |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | YELLOW 5 | •Color Additives - Batch Certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | 1H-PYRAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 4,5-DIHYDRO-5-OXO-1-(4-SULFOPHENYL)-4-[(4-SULFOPHENYL)AZO]-, TRISODIUM SALT | •The chemical has been reported as used in fragrance compounds by IFRA affiliated member companies in 2008. |
| RTECS®- Annals of Allergy 1959 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • musculoskeletal - Changes in teeth and supporting structures ( human TDLo) • brain and nervous system - Paresthesis ( human TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology 1987 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: body fluid assay (rat ) |
| RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology 1987 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: body fluid assay (rat ) |
| RTECS®- FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 1966 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1982 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (mammal fbr) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1984 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster fbr) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2004 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1982 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (mammal fbr) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1984 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster fbr) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2004 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2006 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • reproductive - Behavioral (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 1981 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 1981 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1958 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • brain and nervous system - Food intake (animal) (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1977 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • developmental - Behavioral (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Blood and lymphatic system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1989 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2002 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1989 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2002 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Oyo Yakuri 1982 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • reproductive - Growth statistics (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Weaning or lactation index (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Soviet Genetics 1975 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Soviet Genetics 1975 | FD&C YELLOW 5 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human lym) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| FDA Color Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006. |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC. |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | IFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25 |
| RTECS®- Annals of Allergy 1959 | RTECS®- Annals of Allergy. (American College of Allergists, POB 20671, Bloomington, MN 55420) V.1- -1943 17,719,1959 |
| RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology 1987 | RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- 60,328,1987 |
| RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology 1987 | RTECS®- Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 60,328,1987 |
| RTECS®- FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 1966 | RTECS®- FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. (Rome, Italy) No.?-57, 1948-77. Discontinued. 38B,88,1966 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1982 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 20,461,1982 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1984 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 22,623,1984 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2004 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 42,2029,2004 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1982 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 20,461,1982 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1984 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 22,623,1984 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2004 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 42,2029,2004 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2006 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 44,179,2006 |
| RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 1981 | RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 1971- 27,95,1981 |
| RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research 1981 | RTECS®- Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 27,95,1981 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1958 | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. (Pharmaceutical Soc. of Great Britain, 1 Lambeth High St., London SEI 7JN, UK) V.1- 1949- 10,625,1958 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1977 | RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76- 2,1211,1977 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1989 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 224,479,1989 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2002 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 519,103,2002 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1989 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 224,479,1989 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2002 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 519,103,2002 |
| RTECS®- Oyo Yakuri 1982 | RTECS®- Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- -1967 24,399,1982 |
| RTECS®- Soviet Genetics 1975 | RTECS®- Soviet Genetics. English translation of GNKAA5. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.2- 1966- 11,528,1975 |
| RTECS®- Soviet Genetics 1975 | RTECS®- Soviet Genetics. English translation of GNKAA5. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.2- 11,528,1975 |
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