HYDROQUINONE
Antioxidant; Fragrance Ingredient; Hair Colorant; Reducing Agent; Skin Bleaching Agent; HAIR DYEING
HYDROQUINONE may be an impurity the following product types:
facial moisturizer/treatment (2597)
moisturizer (2156)
lipstick (1617)
anti-aging (1493)
lip gloss (1050)
foundation (1044)
sunscreen: SPF 15-30 (800)
sunscreen: makeup (788)
conditioner (760)
facial cleanser (685)
lip balm (635)
eye shadow (565)
body wash/cleanser (557)
shampoo (550)
around-eye cream (493)
hair color and bleaching (477)
concealer (451)
exfoliant/scrub (414)
mascara (387)
sunscreen: moisturizer (384)
hand cream (370)
eye liner (362)
blush (328)
body oil (318)
sunscreen: SPF greater than 30 (310)
facial powder (308)
lip liner (307)
sunless tanning (268)
styling gel/lotion (262)
mask (261)
sunscreen: lip balm (237)
acne treatment (208)
bar soap (202)
bronzer/highlighter (188)
bath oil/salts/soak (187)
hair spray (177)
body firming lotion (159)
shaving cream (men's) (144)
shaving cream (140)
anti-itch/rash cream (140)
foot moisturizer (134)
skin fading/lightener (127)
after shave (125)
sunscreen: SPF less than 15 (115)
lip plumper (114)
bubble bath (106)
toners/astringents (102)
after sun product (101)
antiperspirant/deodorant (94)
pain relief (91)
liquid hand soap (86)
baby lotion (80)
diaper cream (79)
nail treatment (78)
makeup remover (76)
brow liner (75)
eczema/damaged skin treatment (71)
tanning oil (69)
wound treatment (68)
dandruff/scalp treatment (65)
cuticle treatment (63)
scar treatment (63)
baby sunscreen (61)
baby wipes (60)
baby oil (57)
lubricant/spermicide (56)
baby soap (55)
fragrance for women (54)
redness/rosacea treatment (53)
oil controller (49)
hair relaxer (47)
nail polish (46)
body spray (45)
hand sanitizer (44)
muscle/joint soreness (44)
baby shampoo (37)
glitter (36)
hair removal waxes (34)
personal cleansing (34)
foot odor control (32)
styling mousse/foam (30)
other eye makeup (29)
depilatory (28)
hormonal cream (25)
detangler (24)
eye makeup remover (24)
antiperspirant/deodorant (men's) (24)
anti-fungal treatment (23)
polish remover (21)
insect/pest repellant (21)
feminine moisturizer (20)
Also listed as
1,4-BENZENEDIOL; 1,4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE; P-DIOXYBENZENE; 4-HYDROXYPHENOL; P-HYDROXYPHENOL; 1,4BENZENEDIOL; 1,4-BENZENEDIOL; 1,4-DIHYDROXY-BENZEEN (DUTCH) ; 1,4-DIHYDROXY-BENZOL (GERMAN) ; 1,4-DIHYDROXYBENZEN (CZECH) ; 1,4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
| This ingredient: | |
 | Cancer |
| Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
 | Violations, restrictions & warnings |
| Allergies/immunotoxicity |
 | Contamination concerns |
| Other strong concerns for this ingredient: Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards |
| Other moderate concerns for this ingredient: Neurotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
 | Lesser or emerging concerns for this ingredient: Endocrine disruption, Ecotoxicology |
|
See products containing HYDROQUINONE See ingredients that may have HYDROQUINONE as an impurity See products that may have HYDROQUINONE as an impurity | |
About HYDROQUINONE: Hydroquinone is the aromatic organic compound. In the United States, Hydroquinone may be used as an active ingredient in OTC drug products. When used as an active drug ingredient, the established name is Hydroquinone. See "Regulatory and Ingredient Use Information," regarding the labeling names for U .S. OTC Drug Ingredients in Volume 1, Introduction, Part A.
HYDROQUINONE has reported used in the following product types: skin fading/lightener (113); facial moisturizer/treatment (13); sunscreen: moisturizer (7); anti-aging (5); hair color and bleaching (5); toners/astringents (3); moisturizer (3); sunscreen: SPF less than 15 (2); facial cleanser (2); concealer (2)
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Known human immune system toxicant | National Library of Medicine HazMap | |
| Human skin toxicant - strong evidence | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | |
| Human skin toxicant - strong evidence | ||
| Limited evidence of immune system toxicity | A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases, 1987 |
Violations, restrictions & warnings
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Violation of industry recommendations - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Safe for brief discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing | products that are intended to be left on the skin | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments |
| Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics | Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | |
| Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | |
| Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - | CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook |
Neurotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Strong evidence of human neurotoxicity | Chemicals known to be neurotoxic to humans | |
| show more | ||
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Known human respiratory toxicant | EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants | |
| Classified as a high human health priority | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Human nervous system toxicant - moderate evidence | Chemicals known to be neurotoxic to humans | |
| Possible human reproductive or developmental toxin | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling | |
| Limited evidence of carcinogenicity | Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | |
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Occupational hazards
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Endocrine disruption
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1989 | |
| show more | ||
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses | RTECS®- Archives of Dermatology 1966 | |
| show more | ||
Ecotoxicology
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Union - Classification & Labelling | |
| show more | ||
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be persistent | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| 2,468 studies on toxicity in PubMed see search results -> | PubMed |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| European Union - Classification & Labelling | 1,4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE; HYDROQUINONE; QUINOL | •Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect •Very toxic to aquatic organisms |
| Amer Conf of Gov't Industrial Hygienists - Carcinogens | HYDROQUINONE | •Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans (ACGIH classification A3) |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | HYDROQUINONE | • o |
| Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients | HYDROQUINONE | •Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | HYDROQUINONE | •Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications •Determined safe for use in cosmetics up to a specified concentration limit •Safe for brief discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing •Unsafe in products left on skin and not rinsed off •Sensitizer - can instigate immune system response that can include itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin • • |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | 1,4-BENZENEDIOL | •This chemical was deemed a high human health priority and was flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical is suspected to be carcinogenic, genotoxic, and suspected of aquatic toxicity. |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | HYDROQUINONE | •Color Additives - Hair (Coal Tar Dye) |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | 1,4-BENZENEDIOL | •The chemical has been reported as used in fragrance compounds by IFRA affiliated member companies in 2008. |
| EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants | HYDROQUINONE | •Hazardous air pollutant under Clean Air Act |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | HYDROQUINONE | •Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin or lungs: Yes; •Methemoglobinemia: Methemoglobinemia, Secondary; •PEL (OSHA) - Permissible exposure limit (OSHA): 2 mg/m3; •TLV (ACGIH) - Threshold limit value (ACGIH): 2 mg/m3; •IDLH (NIOSH) - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: 50 mg/m3; |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | HYDROQUINONE | •IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | 1,4-BENZENEDIOL | •Pesticide inerts of toxicological concern according to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | HYDROQUINONE | •Pesticide inerts of toxicological concern according to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) |
| Chemicals known to be neurotoxic to humans | HYDROQUINONE | •Known to be neurotoxic to humans, suspected developmental neurotoxin |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | 1,4BENZENEDIOL | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database, 1298 | HYDROQUINONE | •Cancer hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center, 1996 | HYDROQUINONE | •Skin or sense organ toxicity hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center | HYDROQUINONE | •Gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Frazier , L, 1998 | HYDROQUINONE | •Reproductive toxicity hazards: suspected |
| A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases, 1987 | HYDROQUINONE | •Immunotoxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | HYDROQUINONE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | HYDROQUINONE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | HYDROQUINONE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols 1955 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (frog LDLo) |
| RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W 1969 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity ( human LDLo) |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia" 1994 | HYDROQUINONE | • brain and nervous system - Ataxia (rat LD50) • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) • respiratory - Dyspnea (rat LD50) • brain and nervous system - Tetany (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia" 1994 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (mouse ivn) • skin - Primary skin irritant ( human ) |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia" 1994 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (mouse ivn) • skin - Primary skin irritant ( human ) |
| RTECS®- Agressologie 1962 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LDLo) |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Anatomy 1962 | HYDROQUINONE | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Annales de Medecine Legale 1927 | HYDROQUINONE | • brain and nervous system - Coma ( human TDLo) • respiratory - Cyanosis ( human TDLo) • cardiovascular - Pulse rate increase without fall in BP ( human TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Archives of Dermatology 1966 | HYDROQUINONE | • skin - Primary skin irritant ( human ) |
| RTECS®- Archives of Dermatology 1966 | HYDROQUINONE | • skin - Primary skin irritant ( human ) |
| RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer 1952 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1992 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat lvr) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1999 | HYDROQUINONE | • cancer - Facilitates action of known carcinogen (mouse TDLo) • mutagenic - liver tumors (mouse TDLo) • cancer - respiratory tumors (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 1992 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (rat lvr) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1985 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems ( human lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Research 1985 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems ( human lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct ( human bmr) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 2000 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human leu) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Adduct ( human bmr) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 2000 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human leu) |
| RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 1986 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse oth) |
| RTECS®- Cell Biology and Toxicology 1986 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse oth) |
| RTECS®- Chemical Research in Toxicology 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Chemical Research in Toxicology 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1982 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse scu) |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1984 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (rabbit bmr) |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1992 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human lng) |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1982 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse scu) |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1984 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (rabbit bmr) |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1992 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human lng) |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1989 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (hamster lng) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives 1989 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (hamster lng) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Endocrinology (Baltimore) 1955 | HYDROQUINONE | • reproductive - Menstrual cycle changes or disorders (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Ovaries, fallopian tubes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ovr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (mouse lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1995 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse fbr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test ( human lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2005 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ovr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1988 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (mouse lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1995 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse fbr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test ( human lym) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2005 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagen Society 37th Annual Meeting Abstracts 2006 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1949 | HYDROQUINONE | • brain and nervous system - Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold (rat LD50) • brain and nervous system - Excitement (rat LD50) • gastrointestinal - Nausea or vomiting (pigeon LD50) • brain and nervous system - Tremor (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2006 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1992 | HYDROQUINONE | • cancer - liver tumors (mouse TD) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1973 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1980 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mammal LD50) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena Truda i Professional'naya Patologiya v Estonskoi SSR 1972 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- International Polymer Science and Technology 1976 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50) |
| RTECS®- Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • cancer - kidney or renal system neoplasms (rat TD) • cancer - liver neoplasms (mouse TD) |
| RTECS®- JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1985 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (rat orl) |
| RTECS®- Molecular Carcinogenesis 2001 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (rat kdy) |
| RTECS®- Molecular Carcinogenesis 2001 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: (rat kdy) |
| RTECS®- Molecular Pharmacology 1985 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Molecular Pharmacology 1985 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 1987 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Gene Conversion and Mitotic Recombination ( Aspergillis nidulans ) |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 1989 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 2003 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 1987 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Gene Conversion and Mitotic Recombination ( Aspergillis nidulans ) |
| RTECS®- Mutagenesis 1989 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1989 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction ( Aspergillis nidulans ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (hamster emb) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1994 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1994 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (other micro-organisms ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1997 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (hamster emb) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2000 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2000 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2003 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human oth) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human oth) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2008 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human oth) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1982 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition ( human hla) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1988 | HYDROQUINONE | • blood - Changes in bone marrow not included above (mouse TDLo) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1989 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction ( Aspergillis nidulans ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1991 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (hamster emb) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1994 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction ( human lym) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1994 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1995 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (other micro-organisms ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1996 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1997 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster emb) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (hamster emb) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2000 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2000 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sex Chromosome Loss and Nondisjunction (Drosophila melanogaster orl) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2003 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis ( human oth) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage ( human oth) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1982 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition ( human hla) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 5537 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1419 | HYDROQUINONE | • developmental - Musculoskeletal system (rabbit TDLo) • brain and nervous system - Ataxia (rabbit TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0389 | HYDROQUINONE | • cancer - blood tumors (rat TDLo) • cancer - kidney or renal system neoplasms (rat TDLo) • cancer - liver neoplasms (mouse TDLo) • endocrine system - Thyroid weight (goiter) (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1989 | HYDROQUINONE | • endocrine system - Death in the "U" data type field (rat TDLo) • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • cancer - kidney or renal system tumors (rat TDLo) • cancer - liver neoplasms (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 1932 | HYDROQUINONE | • brain and nervous system - Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold (frog LDLo) • cardiovascular - Other changes (frog LDLo) • brain and nervous system - Spastic paralysis with or without sensory change (frog LDLo) |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1953 | HYDROQUINONE | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (rat TDLo) • blood - Changes in bone marrow not included above (rat TDLo) • gastrointestinal - Ulceration or bleeding from stomach (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Zemedelske v Brne, Rada B: Spisy Veterinarni 1965 | HYDROQUINONE | • reproductive - Male fertility index (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Testes, epididymis, sperm duct (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1990 | HYDROQUINONE | • reproductive - Litter size (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv 1979 | HYDROQUINONE | • brain and nervous system - Changes in motor activity (specific assay) (mammal LD50) • respiratory - Dyspnea (mammal LD50) • brain and nervous system - Muscle contraction or spasticity (mammal LD50) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 2001 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1985 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 2001 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Micronucleus test (mouse ipr) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1985 | HYDROQUINONE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (mouse lym) |
| RTECS®- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances 1210 | HYDROQUINONE | • cancer - kidney or renal system neoplasms (rat TD) |
| RTECS®- Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Innere Medizin und Ihre Grenzgebiete 1947 | HYDROQUINONE | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
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| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | US EPA, Air Risk Information Support Center. Health Effects Notebook for Hazardous Air Pollutants. http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/hapindex.html, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Frazier , L. and M. L. Hage (eds.). Reproductive Hazards of the Workplace, Wiley Europe, 1998. Table 10 (Partial List of Reproductive Toxicants) available at http://www.pharmacy.ohio-state.edu/homepage/safety/chemhygiene_table_repro.pdf. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases. Browse Haz-Map by Adverse Effects http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/hazmapadv.html, Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate. Labelling of chemical products, Swedish regulations and general advice with regard to the classification and labelling of chemical products hazardous to health, flammables and explosives. List of Allergenic Substances. National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden. 1987, 1990-1992. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols 1955 | RTECS®- "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59 1,160,1955 |
| RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W 1969 | RTECS®- "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969 -,321,1969 |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia" 1994 | RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia". (Hazardous substances. Galogen and oxygen containing substances), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1994 -,229,1994 |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia" 1994 | RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia". (Hazardous substances. Galogen and oxygen containing substances), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1994 -,230,1994 |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia" 1994 | RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia". (Hazardous substances. Galogen and oxygen containing substances), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1994. -,230,1994 |
| RTECS®- Agressologie 1962 | RTECS®- Agressologie. Revue Internationale de Physio-Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquees aux Effets de l'Agression. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.1- 1960- 3,311,1962 |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Anatomy 1962 | RTECS®- American Journal of Anatomy. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1-192, 1901-91. 110,29,1962 |
| RTECS®- Annales de Medecine Legale 1927 | RTECS®- Annales de Medecine Legale. Criminologie, Police Scientifique et Toxicologie. (Paris, France) V.1, 1920-51; V.39-47, 1958-67. For publisher information, see MLDCAS. 7,79,1927 |
| RTECS®- Archives of Dermatology 1966 | RTECS®- Archives of Dermatology. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.82- 1960- 93,589,1966 |
| RTECS®- Archives of Dermatology 1966 | RTECS®- Archives of Dermatology. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.82- 93,589,1966 |
| RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer 1952 | RTECS®- British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- 6,160,1952 |
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| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1992 | RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- 81,197,1992 |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1982 | RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 39,129,1982 |
| RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions 1984 | RTECS®- Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 50,203,1984 |
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| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2004 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 43,258,2004 |
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| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagen Society 37th Annual Meeting Abstracts 2006 | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagen Society 37th Annual Meeting Abstracts. Poster Session Abstracts. Poster Session I -,444,2006 |
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| RTECS®- International Polymer Science and Technology 1976 | RTECS®- International Polymer Science and Technology. (Rapra Technology Ltd., Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire SY4 4NR, UK) 3,93,1976 |
| RTECS®- Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 1991 | RTECS®- Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. BV, POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.76- 1985- 82,1211,1991 |
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| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1989 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 215,187,1989 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1991 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 249,201,1991 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1991 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 263,223,1991 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 287,47,1993 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1993 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 287,57,1993 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1994 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 322,9,1994 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1994 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 341,29,1994 |
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| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 5537 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. OTS0555537 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 1419 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. OTS0571419 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 0389 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. PB90-240389 |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1989 | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- NTP-TR-366,1989 |
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| RTECS®- Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Zemedelske v Brne, Rada B: Spisy Veterinarni 1965 | RTECS®- Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Zemedelske v Brne, Rada B: Spisy Veterinarni. Publications of the Agricultural University in Brno, Series B: Works of the Faculty of Vetinerary Science. (Brno, Czechoslovakia) 1953-66. For publisher information, see AUAAB7. 12,491,1965 |
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| RTECS®- Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv 1979 | RTECS®- Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961- 15,136,1979 |
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| RTECS®- Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Innere Medizin und Ihre Grenzgebiete 1947 | RTECS®- Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Innere Medizin und Ihre Grenzgebiete. (Buchexport, Postfach 160, Leipzig DDR-7010, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1946- 2,333,1947 |
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