CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS
Colorant; HAIR DYEING
Also listed as
CHROMIC OXIDE; CI 77288; DICHROMIUM TRIOXIDE; GREEN CHROMIC OXIDE; GREEN OXIDE OF CHROMIUM; PIGMENT GREEN 17; CHROMIUM GREEN OXIDE; CHROME OXIDE; CHROME OXIDE; CHROMIUM (III) OXIDE; CHROMIUM (III) OXIDE; CHROMIUM OXIDE (CR2O3) ; 11661 GREEN; ANHYDRIDE CHROMIQUE (FRENCH)
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
| This ingredient: | |
 | Cancer |
 | Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
| Violations, restrictions & warnings |
| Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| Contamination concerns |
 | Other strong concerns for this ingredient: Enhanced skin absorption, Occupational hazards |
 | Other moderate concerns for this ingredient: Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
| Lesser or emerging concerns for this ingredient: Ecotoxicology, Data gaps |
|
See products containing CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | |
About CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS: Chromium in this form is an essential nutrient
This ingredient may be derived from animals. From PETA's Caring Consumer: Pigments from animal, plant, and synthetic sources used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. Cochineal is from insects. Widely used FD&C and D&C colors are coaltar (bituminous coal) derivatives that are continously tested on animals due to their carcinogenic properties. Alternatives: grapes, beets, turmeric, saffron, carrots, chlorophyll, annatto, alkanet.
CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS has reported used in the following product types: eye shadow (495); mascara (231); eye liner (159); sunscreen: makeup (52); foundation (50); facial powder (48); blush (33); bronzer/highlighter (31); brow liner (27); concealer (22)
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Persistent or bioaccumulative and moderate to high toxicity concern in humans | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Occupational hazards
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986 | |
| show more | ||
Ecotoxicology
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel | ||
| 44 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical see search results -> | PubMed |
Enhanced skin absorption
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Suspected nano-scale ingredients with potential to absorb into the skin | Nanomaterial Database |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| FDA Color Additive Status | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | •Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics •Color additive approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes |
| FDA Color Additive Status | CHROMIUM OXIDES GREENS | Cosmetics: U; Food: U; Drugs: Y; Eye: U |
| FDA Color Additive Status | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | •Color additive used in medical devices |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | CHROMIUM OXIDE (CR2O3) | •This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected aquatic toxicity and persistence. The chemical was also flagged as a low human health priority. |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | CHROMIUM OXIDE | •This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected aquatic toxicity and persistence. |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | •Color Additives - Exempt from Batch Certification by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| Nanomaterial Database | CHROMIUM OXIDE | •potential nano-scale ingredient |
| Nanomaterial Database | CHROMIUM OXIDE | •potential nano-scale ingredient |
| USEPA, 1998 | CHROMIUM(III) | EPA determined that chromium(III) is not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1983 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1983 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Drug and Chemical Toxicology 1981 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (hamster lng) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1980 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA repair (Bacillus subtilis ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Mammalian Somatic Cells (hamster lng) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (hamster lng) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1980 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA repair (Bacillus subtilis ) |
| RTECS®- Toksikologicheskii Vestnik 2001 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mammal LD50) |
| RTECS®- Voprosy Onkologii 1967 | CHROMIUM OXIDE GREENS | • mutagenic - kidney or renal system tumor formations - equivocal (rat TDLo) • cancer - respiratory tumor formations - equivocal (rat TDLo) • cancer - Tumors at site of application (rat TDLo) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| FDA Color Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006. |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC. |
| Nanomaterial Database | NanoWerk. 2007. Nanomaterial Database. Available online: http://www.nanowerk.com/phpscripts/n_dbsearch.php |
| Open scientific literature | USEPA, 1998. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. Available at http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1983 | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980- 4,605,1983 |
| RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London) 1983 | RTECS®- Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 4,605,1983 |
| RTECS®- Drug and Chemical Toxicology 1981 | RTECS®- Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- 4,185,1981 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 169,159,1986 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1980 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 77,109,1980 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1986 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 169,159,1986 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1980 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 77,109,1980 |
| RTECS®- Toksikologicheskii Vestnik 2001 | RTECS®- Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. (18-20 Vadkovskii per. Moscow, 101479, Russia) History Unknown (2),18,2001 |
| RTECS®- Voprosy Onkologii 1967 | RTECS®- Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10, 1928-37; V.1- 1955- 13(11),57,1967 |
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