COUMARIN
Fragrance Ingredient; MASKING
Also listed as
2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-2-ONE; TONKA BEAN CAMPHOR; 2H1BENZOPYRAN2ONE; 1,2-BENZOPYRONE; 2-OXO-1,2-BENZOPYRAN; 2H-1-BENZOPYRAN, 2-OXO-; 2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-2-ONE; BENZO-ALPHA-PYRONE; CIS-O-COUMARINIC ACID LACTONE; COUMARINIC ANHYDRIDE; CUMARIN
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
| This ingredient: | |
 | Cancer |
 | Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
| Violations, restrictions & warnings |
 | Allergies/immunotoxicity |
 | Contamination concerns |
| Other moderate concerns for this ingredient: Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
| Lesser or emerging concerns for this ingredient: Neurotoxicity, Miscellaneous, Data gaps, Biochemical or cellular level changes |
|
See products containing COUMARIN | |
About COUMARIN: Coumarin is the aromatic lactone.
COUMARIN has reported used in the following product types: moisturizer (57); fragrance for women (52); hair color and bleaching (47); facial moisturizer/treatment (40); fragrance for men (28); body spray (24); anti-aging (24); body wash/cleanser (24); styling gel/lotion (21); hand cream (19)
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Known human immune system toxicant | EU Banned and Restricted Fragrances |
Violations, restrictions & warnings
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Fragrance subject to restrictions: safe only within recommended use or concentration limitsn) | International Fragrance Association Codes & Standards |
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Cancer - limited evidence | Carcinogenic Potency Database, 1298 | |
| show more | ||
Neurotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses | RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung 1965 | |
| show more | ||
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at low doses | RTECS®- Yakugaku Zasshi 1963 | |
| show more | ||
Miscellaneous
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Prohibited for use in food | FDA Food Additive Status |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung 1967 |
Biochemical or cellular level changes
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at moderate doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood | RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung 1965 | |
| show more | ||
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel | ||
| 1,765 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical see search results -> | PubMed |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be persistent | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Ecotoxicology
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| FDA Food Additive Status | COUMARIN | • SY/FS • Prohibited for use in food - banned prior to the Food Additives Amendment (FAA) because of toxicity • Any food containing coumarin added as such or as a constituent of tonka beans or tonka extract is adulterated. |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | COUMARIN | • o |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | COUMARIN--PROHIBITED | • The substance was formerly approved as a food additive but is now banned; there may be some toxicology data available. |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | 2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-2-ONE | •This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. |
| EU Banned and Restricted Fragrances | COUMARIN | Fragrance chemical, which, according to existing knowledge, is frequently reported as a well-recognised consumer allergen |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | COUMARIN | •The chemical has been reported as used in fragrance compounds by IFRA affiliated member companies in 2008. |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | COUMARIN | •IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) |
| International Fragrance Association Codes & Standards | #3 43A COUMARIN | •Fragrance subject to restrictions: safe only within recommended use or concentration limits |
| International Fragrance Association Codes & Standards | COUMARIN | •Fragrance subject to restrictions: safe only within recommended use or concentration limits |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database, 1298 | COUMARIN | •Cancer hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung 1965 | COUMARIN | • biochemical - True cholinesterase (mouse LD50) • brain and nervous system - Analgesia (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung 1967 | COUMARIN | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Biochemical Pharmacology 2004 | COUMARIN | • biochemical - Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation (rat TDLo) • liver - Other changes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ovr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse fbr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster ovr) • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Sister Chromatid Exchange (hamster ovr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Morphological Transform (mouse fbr) |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1983 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2001 | COUMARIN | • brain and nervous system - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (mouse LD) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2002 | COUMARIN | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (hamster TDLo) • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • biochemical - Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) (rat TDLo) • liver - Other changes (hamster TDLo) • biochemical - Other transferases (hamster TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2001 | COUMARIN | • brain and nervous system - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1974 | COUMARIN | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1964 | COUMARIN | • liver - Other changes (guinea pig LD50) • brain and nervous system - Somnolence (general depressed activity) (guinea pig LD50) |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1965 | COUMARIN | • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • biochemical - Dehydrogenases (rat TDLo) • biochemical - Phosphatases (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1996 | COUMARIN | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (hamster TDLo) • liver - Changes in liver weight (hamster TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Human & Experimental Toxicology 1990 | COUMARIN | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (rat TDLo) • liver - Other changes (rat TDLo) • biochemical - Other transferases (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Human Toxicology 1989 | COUMARIN | • liver - Liver function tests impaired (woman TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1999 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1999 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: other mutation test systems (Escherichia coli ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 5582 | COUMARIN | • liver - Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse (rat TDLo) • blood - Changes in platelet count (rat TDLo) • liver - Liver function tests impaired (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 5761 | COUMARIN | • liver - Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse (rat TDLo) • mutagenic - gastrointestinal neoplasms (mouse TDLo) • mutagenic - kidney or renal system neoplasms (rat TDLo) • cancer - respiratory neoplasms (mouse TDLo) • cancer - respiratory tumors (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1993 | COUMARIN | • blood - Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count (rat TDLo) • liver - Changes in liver weight (mouse TDLo) • liver - Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal (rat TDLo) • cancer - kidney or renal system neoplasms (rat TDLo) • blood - Normocytic anemia (mouse TDLo) • cancer - respiratory tumors (mouse TDLo) • biochemical - Transaminases (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1962 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mammal lym) |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1962 | COUMARIN | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: DNA Damage (mammal lym) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2001 | COUMARIN | • liver - Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal (mouse TDLo) • respiratory - Other changes (mouse TDLo) • biochemical - Other transferases (mouse TDLo) • respiratory - Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology 1973 | COUMARIN | • cancer - liver tumor formations - equivocal (rat TD) |
| RTECS®- Yakugaku Zasshi 1963 | COUMARIN | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| FDA Food Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006. |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | AOEC (Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics). 2009. AEOC exposures codes and asthmagen designation. |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| EU Banned and Restricted Fragrances | SCCPNFP (Scientific Committee On Cosmetic Products And Non-Food Products). 1999. Opinion Concerning Fragrance Allergy In Consumers. . SCCNFP/0017/98 Final, December 1999; and SCCPNFP (Scientific Committee On Cosmetic Products And Non-Food Products). 2000. An Initial List Of Perfumery Materials Which Must Not Form Part Of Fragrances Compounds Used In Cosmetic Products. SCCNFP/0320/00, final May 2000. |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | IFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25 |
| Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures). |
| International Fragrance Association Codes & Standards | IFRA (International Fragrance Association). 2006. Codes and Standards. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Carcinogenic Potency Database. http://potency.berkeley.edu/app14.html Environmental Defense reviewed this compilation of results on carcinogenicity in rats and mice covering 1298 chemicals and added any chemical with positive results in at least two species by a relevant route of exposure to its list of suspect carcinogens. |
| RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung 1965 | RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- 15,897,1965 |
| RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung 1967 | RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- 17,97,1967 |
| RTECS®- Biochemical Pharmacology 2004 | RTECS®- Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958- 67,2141,2004 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- 37,231,2001 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 1987 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2001 | RTECS®- Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 37,231,2001 |
| RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis 1983 | RTECS®- Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. 5(Suppl 1),3,1983 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2001 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 39,837,2001 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2002 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 40,809,2002 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2001 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 837,39,2001 |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1974 | RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. 12,385,1974 |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1964 | RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. 2,327,1964 |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1965 | RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. 3,457,1965 |
| RTECS®- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1996 | RTECS®- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2 34,105,1996 |
| RTECS®- Human & Experimental Toxicology 1990 | RTECS®- Human & Experimental Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, UK) V.9- 1990- 9,323,1990 |
| RTECS®- Human Toxicology 1989 | RTECS®- Human Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants., RG 21 2XS, UK) V.1- -1981 8,501,1989 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1999 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 445,81,1999 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 578,210,2005 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1999 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 445,81,1999 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 2005 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 578,210,2005 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 5582 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. OTS0555582 |
| RTECS®- National Technical Information Service 5761 | RTECS®- National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. PB94-215761 |
| RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 1993 | RTECS®- National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- NTP-TR-422,1993 |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1962 | RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915- 48,686,1962 |
| RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1962 | RTECS®- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 48,686,1962 |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2001 | RTECS®- Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- -1981 60,210,2001 |
| RTECS®- Toxicology 1973 | RTECS®- Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- 1,93,1973 |
| RTECS®- Yakugaku Zasshi 1963 | RTECS®- Yakugaku Zasshi. Journal of Pharmacy. (Nippon Yakugakkai, 2-12-15 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) No.1- 1881- 83,1124,1963 |
"RTECS®" is a United States trademark owned and licensed under authority of the U.S. Government, by and through MDL Information Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 by Environmental Working Group
All rights reserved.
Favorites basket
No items in basket.
Skin Deep User Tools BETA
Looking for a product report that we don't have in Skin Deep? Sign up to enter it into the Skin Deep database and leave product reviews.
SKIN DEEP NEEDS YOUR HELP
We always want Skin Deep to be free to the public, but delivering high-quality research costs time and money. Help by donating just the cost of a bar of soap or bottle of shampoo.
WANT TO KNOW MORE?
Stay informed with email updates on toxics in everyday products and how they can affect your health.
SKIN DEEP NEWS
'I just wanted to let you know how much Skin Deep has changed my daughter's (and my) life.'
—Melissa M., Michigan