D&C VIOLET 2
Colorant
Also listed as
VIOLET 2, D&C VIOLET NO. 2; 11386 VIOLET; A.F. VIOLET NO. 1; ACID FAST VIOLET 5BN; ACID VIOLET; ACID VIOLET 49; ACID VIOLET 4BNS; ACID VIOLET 5B; ACID VIOLET 5BN; ACID VIOLET 6B; ACID VIOLET S
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
| This ingredient: | |
 | Cancer |
 | Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
 | Violations, restrictions & warnings |
| Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| Contamination concerns |
| Other moderate concerns for this ingredient: Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
|
See products containing D&C VIOLET 2 | |
About D&C VIOLET 2: To identify the colorant allowed for use in Japan, the INCI name Murasaki201 must be used.
This ingredient may be derived from animals. From PETA's Caring Consumer: Pigments from animal, plant, and synthetic sources used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. Cochineal is from insects. Widely used FD&C and D&C colors are coaltar (bituminous coal) derivatives that are continously tested on animals due to their carcinogenic properties. Alternatives: grapes, beets, turmeric, saffron, carrots, chlorophyll, annatto, alkanet.
D&C VIOLET 2 has reported used in the following product types: nail polish (243); antiperspirant/deodorant (men's) (28); nail treatment (26); fragrance for women (14); fragrance for men (9); body spray (9); body wash/cleanser (8); hair color and bleaching (7); shampoo (6); bubble bath (5)
Violations, restrictions & warnings
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only | products for use around the mouth, lips, eyes, or on damaged skin | FDA Color Additive Status |
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Possible carcinogen | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Classified as a high human health priority | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| show more | ||
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| 22 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical see search results -> | PubMed |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List |
Ecotoxicology
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| FDA Color Additive Status | D&C VIOLET 2 | •Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only •Color additive not approved by FDA for use in food •Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes |
| FDA Color Additive Status | D&C VIOLET 2 | •Color additive used in medical devices |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | BENZENEMETHANAMINIUM, N-[4-[[4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL] [4-[ETHYL[(3-SULFOPHENYL)METHYL]AMINO]PHENYL ]METHYLENE]-2,5-CYCLOHEXADIEN-1-YLIDENE]-N-ETHYL- 3-SULFO-, HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT, SODIUM SALT | •This chemical was deemed a high human health priority and was flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical is suspected to be carcinogenic and persistent. |
| Silent Spring's Mammary Carcinogens Reviews Database | FD&C VIOLET NO. 1 | •Chemicals Shown to Cause Mammary Gland Tumors in Animal Studies |
| RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1957 | D&C VIOLET 2 | • cancer - Tumors at site of application (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1973 | D&C VIOLET 2 | • sense organ - Other (rat TDLo) • mutagenic - skin tumors (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 | D&C VIOLET 2 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 | D&C VIOLET 2 | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| FDA Color Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006. |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| Silent Spring's Mammary Carcinogens Reviews Database | Rudel RA, KR Attfield, JN Schifano and JG Brody. Chemicals Causing Mammary Gland Tumors in Animals Signal New Directions for Epidemiology, Chemicals Testing, and Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Prevention. CANCER Supplement. 2007 Jun 15;109(12):2635-2666. |
| RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1957 | RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. 16,367,1957 |
| RTECS®- Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1973 | RTECS®- Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. 51,1337,1973 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 89,21,1981 |
| RTECS®- Mutation Research 1981 | RTECS®- Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- -1964 89,21,1981 |
"RTECS®" is a United States trademark owned and licensed under authority of the U.S. Government, by and through MDL Information Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 by Environmental Working Group
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