DIETHYL PHTHALATE
Denaturant; Fragrance Ingredient; Plasticizer; Solvent; FILM FORMING; HAIR CONDITIONING; MASKING; PLASTICISER
Also listed as
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIETHYL ESTER; DIETHYL 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLATE; DIETHYL ESTER 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID; 1,2BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIETHYL ESTER; DEP; DIETHYLPHTHALATE; 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIETHYL ESTER; ANOZOL; DEP; DIETHYL 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLATE; DIETHYL O-PHTHALATE
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
| This ingredient: | |
 | Cancer |
 | Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
 | Violations, restrictions & warnings |
 | Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| Contamination concerns |
| Other moderate concerns for this ingredient: Endocrine disruption, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards |
| Lesser or emerging concerns for this ingredient: Ecotoxicology, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Data gaps |
|
See products containing DIETHYL PHTHALATE | |
About DIETHYL PHTHALATE: Diethyl Phthalate is the aromatic diester of ethyl alcohol and phthalic acid. It conforms to theformula:
DIETHYL PHTHALATE has reported used in the following product types: blush (1); nail polish (1); eyelash glue (1); bath oil/salts/soak (1); mask (1)
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Known human immune system toxicant | National Library of Medicine HazMap |
Endocrine disruption
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Human disruptor - strong evidence | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | |
| show more | ||
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity | National Library of Medicine HazMap | |
| show more | ||
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen | EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | |
| show more | ||
Occupational hazards
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Limited evidence of gastrointestinal or liver toxicity | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | |
| show more | ||
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003 |
Ecotoxicology
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| show more | ||
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | |
| Insufficient data to determine safety | EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | |
| Safety assessment was based on related chemical | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | |
| 660 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical see search results -> | PubMed |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | •Safe as used in cosmetics according to industry panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) •Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product •Determined safe for use in cosmetics based on concentrations of surrogate, related chemical in cosmetics, by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) • |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, DIETHYL ESTER | •This chemical was deemed a low human health priority and was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | •Group D: Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity (EPA classification) |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | DIETHYL PHTHALATE (DEP) | •Evidence of endocrine disrupting activity in at least one species using intact animals, high human health concern. •No evidence of endocrine disrupting activity or no data available. |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | •The chemical has been reported as used in fragrance compounds by IFRA affiliated member companies in 2008. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | •Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin or lungs: Yes; •Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male and female reproductive function: Yes; •TLV (ACGIH) - Threshold limit value (ACGIH): 5 mg/m3; •Flammability (NFPA) - NFPA flammability code: 0 = will not burn; 1 = must be preheated; 2 = high ambient temp required; 3 = may ignite at ambient temp; 4 = burn readily: 1: must be preheated; |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | •Pesticide inerts: potentially toxic, testing priority, according to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | DIETHYL ESTER1,2BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| Parveen M, Inoue A, Ise R, Tanji M, Kiyama R, 2008 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | Diethyl phthalate (DEP) affected the expression of estrogen responsive genes in a manner similar to natural estrogen. |
| Hong EJ, Ji YK, Choi KC, Manabe N, Jeung EB, 2005 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | Diethyl phthalate (DEP) demonstrated estrogenic activity by increasing the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro. |
| Harris CA, Henttu P, Parker MG, Sumpter JP, 1997 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | Diethyl phthalate was weakly estrogenic when tested by in vitro assay of human estrogen receptor using a recombinant yeast screen. |
| Swan SH, 2008 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | In human epidemiological studies, diethyl phthalate has been associated with decreased anogenital distance (marker of reproductive system development) in baby boys, changes in the levels of reproductive hormones, and sperm DNA damage. |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | •Reproductive toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | •Gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • skin - Primary skin irritant ( human ) |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • skin - Primary skin irritant ( human ) |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1978 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • metabolic - Weight loss or decreased weight gain (rat TDLo) • liver - Changes in liver weight (rat TDLo) • reproductive system - Changes in testicular weight (rat TDLo) • gastrointestinal - Other changes (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1972 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • developmental - Musculoskeletal system (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1944 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1944 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • sense organ - Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1985 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1985 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • mutagenic - Positive mutation assay: Mutation in Micro-organism (Salmonella typhimurium ) |
| RTECS®- Oyo Yakuri 1987 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1993 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Musculoskeletal system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1987 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • reproductive - Live birth index (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Physical (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands (mouse TDLo) • reproductive - Spermatogenesis (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1982 | DIETHYL PHTHALATE | • blood - Changes in serum composition (eg., TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) (rat TDLo) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC. |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Evidence for human carcinogenicity based on 1986-2005 guidelines. |
| European Commission on Endocrine Disruption | EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998. |
| IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List | IFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25 |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| EPA Categorized List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1987 & 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients in Pesticide Products - Categorized List of Inert (other) Pesticide Ingredients. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| Open scientific literature | Parveen M, Inoue A, Ise R, Tanji M, Kiyama R. 2008. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of phthalate esters by gene expression profiling using a focused microarray (EstrArray). Environ Toxicol Chem. 27(6): 1416-25. |
| Open scientific literature | Hong EJ, Ji YK, Choi KC, Manabe N, Jeung EB. 2005. Conflict of estrogenic activity by various phthalates between in vitro and in vivo models related to the expression of Calbindin-D9k. J Reprod Dev. 51(2): 253-63. |
| Open scientific literature | Harris CA, Henttu P, Parker MG, Sumpter JP. 1997. The Estrogenic Activity of Phthalate Esters In Vitro. Environmental Health Perspectives 105(8): 802-811. |
| Open scientific literature | Swan SH. 2008. Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in humans. Environ Res 108(2): 177-84. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2006 |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 41,589,2003 |
| RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003 | RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 41,589,2003 |
| RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 1978 | RTECS®- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. 16,415,1978 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1972 | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961- 61,51,1972 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1944 | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- 82,377,1944 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1944 | RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 82,377,1944 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1985 | RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76- 16,61,1985 |
| RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1985 | RTECS®- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 16,61,1985 |
| RTECS®- Oyo Yakuri 1987 | RTECS®- Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- -1967 33,387,1987 |
| RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development 1993 | RTECS®- Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- 48,33,1993 |
| RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1987 | RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- 88,255,1987 |
| RTECS®- Toxicology Letters 1982 | RTECS®- Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- 10,379,1982 |
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