EXT D&C VIOLET 2

Colorant; HAIR DYEING  

SCORE

5

moderate hazard to moderate hazard depending on product usage

6

 

73%

data gap

(why scores have changed)

Also listed as

EXT. VIOLET 2, EXT. D&C VIOLET NO. 2; EXT. D&C VIOLET 2


Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.

This ingredient:
yes, moderateCancer
noDevelopmental/reproductive toxicity
yes, strongViolations, restrictions & warnings
yes, moderateAllergies/immunotoxicity
noContamination concerns
 
See products containing EXT D&C VIOLET 2

About EXT D&C VIOLET 2: Ext. Violet 2 is classed chemically as an anthraquinone color. See "Regulatory and Ingredient Use Information," for Colorants in Volume 1, Introduction, Part A. To identify the certified colorant for labeling purposes in the US, the INCI Name Ext. Violet 2 must be used. The INCI Name for batches of this colorant tha t have not been certified is Acid Violet 43. To identify the colorant allowed for use in the European Union (EU), the INCI Name CI 60730 must be used, except for hair dye products. To identify the colorant allowed for use in Japan, the INCI name Murasaki40 1 must be used.

This ingredient may be derived from animals. From PETA's Caring Consumer: Pigments from animal, plant, and synthetic sources used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. Cochineal is from insects. Widely used FD&C and D&C colors are coaltar (bituminous coal) derivatives that are continously tested on animals due to their carcinogenic properties. Alternatives: grapes, beets, turmeric, saffron, carrots, chlorophyll, annatto, alkanet.

EXT D&C VIOLET 2 has reported used in the following product types: shampoo (46); body wash/cleanser (33); styling gel/lotion (28); fragrance for women (23); liquid hand soap (17); body spray (16); conditioner (16); antiperspirant/deodorant (men's) (15); fragrance for men (15); hair spray (11)


Violations, restrictions & warnings

type of concern product conditions reference
Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only products for use around the mouth, lips, eyes, or on damaged skin FDA Color Additive Status
Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Product type restrictions or differences noted in safety assessment by industry panel   Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications   Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments

Allergies/immunotoxicity

type of concern product conditions reference
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence   

Cancer

type of concern product conditions reference
Cancer - limited evidence    Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments
show more

Data gaps

type of concern product conditions reference
1 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical see search results ->   PubMed

Ecotoxicology

type of concern product conditions reference
Not suspected to be an environmental toxin     Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List

Persistence and bioaccumulation

type of concern product conditions reference
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative     Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

type of concern product conditions reference
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful     Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List



Government, industry, academic studies and classifications

government/industry list/academic study appears on list as classification(s)
Cosmetic Ingredient Review AssessmentsACID VIOLET 43•Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications
•Product type restrictions or differences noted in safety assessment by industry panel
•Restrictions on impurities recommended by industry safety panel
•May contain harmful impurities
•Coal tar dye - laboratory cancer studies unavailable in published literature; epidemiology studies link long-time use of coal tar hair dye to increased risk of bladder cancer
FDA Color Additive StatusEXT.D&C VIOLET 2•Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only
•Color additive not approved by FDA for use in food
•Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes
Environmental Canada Domestic Substance ListBENZENESULFONIC ACID, 2-[(9,10-DIHYDRO-4-HYDROXY- 9,10-DIOXO-1-ANTHRACENYL)AMINO]-5-METHYL-, MONOSODIUM SALT•This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence.
CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and HandbookEXT. VIOLET 2•Color Additives - Batch Certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
IFRA Fragrance Ingredient ListBENZENESULFONIC ACID, 2-[(9,10-DIHYDRO-4-HYDROXY-9,10-DIOXO-1-ANTHRACENYL)AMINO]-5-METHYL-, MONOSODIUM SALT•The chemical has been reported as used in fragrance compounds by IFRA affiliated member companies in 2008.

references

government/industry list/academic study reference
Cosmetic Ingredient Review AssessmentsCIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC.
FDA Color Additive StatusFDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006.
Environmental Canada Domestic Substance ListEC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and HandbookCTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC.
IFRA Fragrance Ingredient ListIFRA (International Fragrance Assocication). 2010. IFRA Fragrance Ingredient List based on 2008 Use Survey. Accessed online 01/04/2010: http://www.ifraorg.org/Home/News/Latest-News/page.aspx/66?xf_itemId=43&xf_selectionDatapartId=25

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