CI 77400
Colorant
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to this ingredient -- not the products containing it -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
| This ingredient: | |
 | Cancer |
| Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
 | Violations, restrictions & warnings |
| Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| Contamination concerns |
 | Other strong concerns for this ingredient: Occupational hazards |
| Other moderate concerns for this ingredient: Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes |
 | Lesser or emerging concerns for this ingredient: Ecotoxicology, Data gaps |
|
See products containing CI 77400 | |
About CI 77400: CI 77400 is classed chemically as an inorganic color. It is a finely powdered metal consistingchiefly of copper or an alloy of copper and zinc with small amounts of aluminum or tin. See "Regulatoryand Ingredient Use Information," for Colorant s in Volume 1, Introduction, Part A. This INCI Name may notbe used for ingredient labeling in the US or Japan. To identify the colorant allowed for use in the EuropeanUnion (EU), the INCI Name CI 77400 must be used, except for hair dye products. To ident ify the colorantmeeting the requirements for labeling purposes in the US, the INCI Names Bronze Powder or CopperPowder must be used.
CI 77400 has reported used in the following product types: brow liner (4); eye liner (1)
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Cancer - moderate evidence - cardiovascular and cancer | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database | |
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Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1980 | |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1977 | |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1981 | |
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Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Known human hematologic toxicant | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database | |
| One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Public Health Reports 1958 | |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at very low doses | RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva 1998 | |
| One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at very low doses | RTECS®- Toxicologist 2003 | |
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
| Classified as medium human health priority | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | |
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Occupational hazards
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to very low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to very low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | |
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Biochemical or cellular level changes
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Cancer - limited evidence - immune system | CHE Toxicant and Disease Database |
Ecotoxicology
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
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Multiple, additive exposure sources
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Food Additive Status |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel | ||
| Insufficient data to determine safety | EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | |
| 9,091 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical see search results -> | PubMed |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| FDA Food Additive Status | COPPER | • Food additive: nutrient • GRAS (generally recognized as safe) - use in food presumed safe based either on a history of use before 1958 or on published scientific evidence; need not be approved by the FDA prior to use in food; most have not limit for use but must conform to good manufacturing practices; some GRAS substances have quantitative limit for use in foods; by definition under Sec 201(s) of FD&C Act, not food additives • As nutritional dietary supplement in animal feed • PEST • Food additive: food additive for which a petition has been filed and a regulation issued • Tolerances for Residues - 40 Code of Federal Regulations 180.136 |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | COPPER | • o |
| CHE Toxicant and Disease Database | COPPER | •Limited evidence in humans: renal system toxicity; Condition: acute tubular necrosis; Organs/tissues affected: kidney |
| CHE Toxicant and Disease Database | COPPER | •Strong evidence in humans: hematologic system toxicity; Condition: anemia (including hemolytic); Organs/tissues affected: blood |
| CHE Toxicant and Disease Database | COPPER | •Moderate evidence in humans: cardiovascular system toxicity, gastrointestinal system toxicity; Condition: angiosarcoma (cancer, hepatic); Organs/tissues affected: blood vessels, liver |
| CHE Toxicant and Disease Database | COPPER | •Limited evidence in humans: immune system toxicity; Condition: autoimmune antibodies (positive ANA, anti-DNA, RF, etc.); Organs/tissues affected: |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | COPPER | •Priority water pollutant under the Clean Water Act |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | COPPER | •This chemical was deemed a moderate human health priority and was flagged by CEPA for further attention. The chemical was flagged for suspected persistence. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | COPPER | •Group D: Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity (EPA classification) |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | BRONZE POWDER | •Color Additives - Exempt from Batch Certification by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | COPPER POWDER | •Color Additives - Exempt from Batch Certification by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | COPPER | •Hepatotoxin: Hepatotoxin, Secondary; •Methemoglobinemia: Methemoglobinemia, Secondary; •PEL (OSHA) - Permissible exposure limit (OSHA): 0.1 mg/m3, as Cu(fume),1 mg/m3, as Cu(dust,mist); •STEL (ACGIH) - Short-term exposure limits (ACGIH): 0.1 mg/m3., as Cu(fume); •TLV (ACGIH) - Threshold limit value (ACGIH): 0.2 mg/m3, as Cu(fume), 1 mg/m3, as Cu(dust,mist); •Flammability (NFPA) - NFPA flammability code: 0 = will not burn; 1 = must be preheated; 2 = high ambient temp required; 3 = may ignite at ambient temp; 4 = burn readily: 0: will not burn;ID: 100 mg/m3, as Cu(fume,dust, |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | COPPER | •Toxic, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxics Release Inventory programs |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | COPPER | •Gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, 9204 | COPPER | •Developmental toxicity hazards: suspected |
| US EPA, 9204 | COPPER | •Reproductive toxicity hazards: suspected |
| A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases, 1996 | COPPER | •Cardiovascular or blood toxicity hazards: suspected |
| Nemery, B, 1990 | COPPER | •Respiratory toxicity hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | CI 77400 | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | CI 77400 | • occupationally related - ACGIH TLV (human TWA) |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva 1998 | CI 77400 | • broad systemic - Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®- American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 1980 | CI 77400 | • respiratory - Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) (rat TDLo) • mutagenic - respiratory tumor formations - equivocal (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Pathology 1925 | CI 77400 | • liver - Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal (rabbit LDLo) • liver - Other changes (rabbit TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 2000 | CI 77400 | • respiratory - Other changes (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1977 | CI 77400 | • reproductive - Post-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Pre-implantation mortality (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1980 | CI 77400 | • reproductive - Fetotoxicity (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Musculoskeletal system (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1981 | CI 77400 | • reproductive - Female fertility index (rat TDLo) • reproductive - Uterus, cervix, vagina (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Public Health Reports 1958 | CI 77400 | • gastrointestinal - Nausea or vomiting ( human TDLo) |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2003 | CI 77400 | • gastrointestinal - Hypermotility, diarrhea ( human TDLo) • gastrointestinal - Nausea or vomiting ( human TDLo) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| FDA Food Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006. |
| Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics | AOEC (Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics). 2009. AEOC exposures codes and asthmagen designation. |
| CHE Toxicant and Disease Database | CHE (The Collaborative on Health and the Environment). 2006. Toxicant and Disease Database. |
| EPA Clean Water Act - Priority Pollutants | |
| Environmental Canada Domestic Substance List | EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry. |
| EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Evidence for human carcinogenicity based on 1986-2005 guidelines. |
| CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook | CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs | EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html, Dossing, M. and P. Skinhoj. Occupational Liver Injury. Present State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 56:1-21. 1985. (Table 2: Chemically induced liver injury: morphologic features and examples of confirmed and suspected causative agents)., Klaassen, C., M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th Ed. Pergamon Press, NY. 1996., National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. See Environmental Defense's Suspect Hazard Identification documentation., Zimmerman, H.J. and J.H. Lewis. Chemical- and Toxin-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 24(4): 1027-1045. 1995. (Table 3: Forms of environmental hepatic injury). |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | US EPA. Roadmaps to Sources of Information on Chemicals Listed in the Emergency Planning Community and Community Right-to-Know Act (Also Known as SARA Title 3), Section 313 Toxic Release Inventory (for Microcomputers). (Report Number EPADFDK92040). 1991. Data file distributed in 2 diskettes by Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. NOTE: Datasource no longer being maintained by EPA; not currently available online. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | US EPA. Roadmaps to Sources of Information on Chemicals Listed in the Emergency Planning Community and Community Right-to-Know Act (Also Known as SARA Title 3), Section 313 Toxic Release Inventory (for Microcomputers). (Report Number EPADFDK92040). 1991. Data file distributed in 2 diskettes by Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. NOTE: Datasource no longer being maintained by EPA; not currently available online., Frazier , L. and M. L. Hage (eds.). Reproductive Hazards of the Workplace, Wiley Europe, 1998. Table 10 (Partial List of Reproductive Toxicants) available at http://www.pharmacy.ohio-state.edu/homepage/safety/chemhygiene_table_repro.pdf. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | A Relational Database of Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases. Browse Haz-Map by Adverse Effects http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/hazmapadv.html, Klaassen, C., M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th Ed. Pergamon Press, NY. 1996. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Nemery, B. Metal Toxicity and the Respiratory Tract. European Respiratory Journal. 3(2): 202-219. 1990.(Table 1: Summary of pulmonary toxicity of metals)., California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Acute Reference Exposure Levels (RELs), Averaging Times, and Toxicologic Endpoints. Includes all Acute Reference Exposure Levels (ARELs) developed by OEHHA through May 2000http://www.oehha.org/air/acute_rels/allAcRELs.html, California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Part III: Technical Support Document 'Determination of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels'. Includes all Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (CRELs) adopted by OEHHA as of August 2003 (http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/AllChrels.html, plus draft CRELS proposed through March 2004 (http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/index.html. |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2005 |
| RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 | RTECS®- TLV/BEI,2007 |
| RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva 1998 | RTECS®- "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988. -,67,1998 |
| RTECS®- American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 1980 | RTECS®- American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- 41,836,1980 |
| RTECS®- American Journal of Pathology 1925 | RTECS®- American Journal of Pathology. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1925- 1,117,1925 |
| RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland) 2000 | RTECS®- Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- 159,57,2000 |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1977 | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- 42(8),30,1977 |
| RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya 1980 | RTECS®- Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- 45(3),8,1980 |
| RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1981 | RTECS®- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963- 19,1124,1981 |
| RTECS®- Public Health Reports 1958 | RTECS®- Public Health Reports. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1878- 73,910,1958 |
| RTECS®- Toxicologist 2003 | RTECS®- Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- -1981 72,29,2003 |
"RTECS®" is a United States trademark owned and licensed under authority of the U.S. Government, by and through MDL Information Systems, Inc.
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