Lather Daily Defense Treatment/UV Face Cream, SPF 26 || Skin Deep: Cosmetic Safety Reviews

LATHER DAILY DEFENSE TREATMENT/UV FACE CREAM, SPF 26

last updated: 02/01/08 brand: Lather by Lather Inc.

SCORE

	health hazard
	sun hazard

82%

data gap

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27% of facial moisturizer/treatments have lower concerns
7% of sunscreen: SPF 15-30s have lower concerns

COMPANY POLICIES

Compact for Safe Cosmetics
Non-signer: This company has not signed the Compact.

Animal Testing Policy
This company does not test on animals.

Sunscreen effectiveness* breakdown

2	UVB hazard/exposure score
2	UVA hazard/exposure score
0	sunscreen instability

*Note that the same active ingredient combination may score differently in two different products depending on the concentration of the ingredients and the mixture of inactive ingredients.

Active ingredient UV
blocking strength

Product total

AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 | BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE) ( 2.4? %)

NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE ( 4.2? %)

NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) ( 1.9? %)

We have had to assume the percentage of the active ingredients in this product. If you own this product and it has the percentages printed on the package, you can help us fill in this missing information.

Note to manufacturers: We have assumed a typical particle size for the mineral(s) in your product based on typical industry use. We welcome specific data from manufacturers if actual particle size is different.

Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.

Ingredients in this product are linked to:
	Cancer
	Developmental/reproductive toxicity
	Violations, restrictions & warnings
	Allergies/immunotoxicity
	Other concerns for ingredients used in this product: Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes

Note from EWG: Unlike many other kinds of personal care products, sunscreen can provide health benefits, protecting against the sun's cancer-causing UV radiation. More than one million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the U.S. every year. Health officials recommend wearing sunscreen as one of many important steps to minimize skin cancer risk. (more sun safety tips)

Ingredients from packaging: ethylhexyl ethylhexanoate, Parsol 1789, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, deionized water (aqua), hydrolized soja lecithin (phospholipid), cetearyl ethylhexanoate, PEG-100 stearate, butylene glycol, glyceryl stearate, PVP/hexadecene copolymer, dimethicone, sodium hyaluronate, trimethylsiloxysilicate, cyclomethicone, aloe barbadensis extract, cetanol, green tea (thea sinensis) extract, rosehip (rosa canina) oil, hazelnut (coylus americana) oil, grapeseed (vitis vinifera) extract, tocopheryl acetate, retinyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, xanthan gum, sunflower (helianthus annuus) oil, phenoxyethanol, potassium sorbate, ethylhexylglycerin, tetrasodium salt, oxynex K (PEG-8 and tocopherol and ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbic acid and citric acid)

Directions from packaging: Apply to the face and massage into the skin. Use on a daily basis over moisturizer. Reapply as needed throughout the day if directly in the sun for extended periods of time.

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ingredients

	score	data gap	concerns
NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE (Active Ingredient)	2	87%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes
NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) (Active Ingredient)	3	70%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
PEG-100 STEARATE	4	69%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PEG-8	4	76%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
RETINYL PALMITATE	5	68%	Cancer, Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE	4	81%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE)
CI 28440 TETRASODIUM SALT	4	73%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
PHENOXYETHANOL	4	67%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards
ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE	3	82%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Multiple, additive exposure sources
DIMETHICONE	2	74%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
CITRIC ACID	2	72%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
TOCOPHEROL	2	87%	Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE)
CYCLOMETHICONE	2	83%	Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) EXTRACT GREEN TEA (THEA SINENSIS) EXTRACT	2	76%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE) (Active Ingredient)	2	73%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Contamination concerns (BENZOIC ACID, 4-T-BUTYLBENZOIC ACID, BENZALDEHYDE, P-ANISIC ACID, ACETOPHENONE, DIBENZOYLMETHANE)
VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT GRAPESEED (VITIS VINIFERA) EXTRACT	1	100%	Multiple, additive exposure sources
ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)	1	91%	none identified
ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN	1	90%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
ASCORBYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN C PALMITATE)	1	88%	none identified
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE GLYCERYL STEARATE	1	88%	none identified
CETYL ALCOHOL CETANOL	1	87%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
POTASSIUM SORBATE	1	85%	none identified
SODIUM HYALURONATE	1	83%	none identified
BUTYLENE GLYCOL	1	79%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) LEAF EXTRACT ALOE BARBADENSIS EXTRACT	1	75%	none identified
CORYLUS (HAZELNUT) OIL HAZELNUT (COYLUS AMERICANA) OIL	0	100%	none identified
HYDROLIZED PROTEINS HYDROLIZED SOJA LECITHIN (PHOSPHOLIPID)	0	100%	none identified
ROSA CANINA (DOG ROSE) FRUIT OIL ROSEHIP (ROSA CANINA) OIL	0	100%	none identified
TRIMETHYLSILOXYSILICATE	0	100%	none identified
VP/ HEXADECENE COPOLYMER	0	100%	none identified
CETEARYL ETHYLHEXANOATE	0	99%	none identified
HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) OIL SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS) OIL	0	94%	none identified
XANTHAN GUM	0	94%	none identified
WATER	0	0%	innocuous

Cancer*

*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results		PHENOXYETHANOL
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at moderate doses		PEG-100 STEARATE
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, TOCOPHEROL, POTASSIUM SORBATE, ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C),
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE)
Cancer - limited evidence		RETINYL PALMITATE

Developmental/reproductive toxicity*

*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses		PEG-100 STEARATE, BUTYLENE GLYCOL,
One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		SODIUM HYALURONATE
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at low doses		RETINYL PALMITATE
Limited evidence of developmental toxicity		ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE

Violations, restrictions & warnings*

*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications		PEG-8, PEG-100 STEARATE, ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) LEAF EXTRACT
Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Product type restrictions or differences noted in safety assessment by industry panel		DIMETHICONE, CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) EXTRACT
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics		RETINYL PALMITATE, CITRIC ACID, AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE), PHENOXYETHANOL, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics		CI 28440

Neurotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		RETINYL PALMITATE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		SODIUM HYALURONATE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		POTASSIUM SORBATE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		PHENOXYETHANOL
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), BUTYLENE GLYCOL

Endocrine disruption*

*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses		CI 28440, BUTYLENE GLYCOL

Allergies/immunotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Associated with immunotoxicity		AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE)
respiratory - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity		PHENOXYETHANOL

Persistence and bioaccumulation*

*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Not suspected to be persistent		CETYL ALCOHOL
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), CYCLOMETHICONE

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*

*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		CYCLOMETHICONE, CETYL ALCOHOL, ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		CI 28440,
One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		PHENOXYETHANOL
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		ASCORBYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN C PALMITATE)
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		BUTYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		POTASSIUM SORBATE, SODIUM HYALURONATE, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, CITRIC ACID
One or more animal studies show cardiovascular effects at very low doses		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Limited evidence of skin toxicity		RETINYL PALMITATE, PEG-100 STEARATE, PEG-8

Multiple, additive exposure sources*

*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE, PEG-100 STEARATE, XANTHAN GUM, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, TOCOPHEROL, RETINYL PALMITATE, POTASSIUM SORBATE, PEG-8, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, DIMETHICONE, CITRIC ACID, CETYL ALCOHOL, CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) EXTRACT, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, ASCORBYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN C PALMITATE), ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available		VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT, ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE

Ecotoxicology*

*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Suspected to be an environmental toxin		CYCLOMETHICONE
Wildlife and environmental toxicity		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Suspected to be an environmental toxin		CETYL ALCOHOL
Wildlife and environmental toxicity		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*

*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses		SODIUM HYALURONATE, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE, CYCLOMETHICONE, CITRIC ACID
One or more animal studies show significant but moderate pulmonary irritation at low doses		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses		CETYL ALCOHOL, PEG-100 STEARATE
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	BUTYLENE GLYCOL
Classified as irritant		PHENOXYETHANOL, ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN

Data gaps*

*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		PEG-100 STEARATE, ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		PEG-100 STEARATE
Missing safety data noted by cosmetic industry review		ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) LEAF EXTRACT
Insufficient data to determine safety		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm)
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		POTASSIUM SORBATE, RETINYL PALMITATE, PHENOXYETHANOL, TOCOPHEROL, DIMETHICONE, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, CYCLOMETHICONE, CETYL ALCOHOL, CETEARYL ETHYLHEXANOATE, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, ASCORBYL PALMITATE (VITAMIN C PALMITATE), ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE, CI 28440, VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT, XANTHAN GUM, VP/ HEXADECENE COPOLYMER, TRIMETHYLSILOXYSILICATE, ROSA CANINA (DOG ROSE) FRUIT OIL, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), HYDROLIZED PROTEINS, HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) OIL, ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN, ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE, CORYLUS (HAZELNUT) OIL, CITRIC ACID, CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) EXTRACT, AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE)

Occupational hazards*

*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm),
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		PHENOXYETHANOL, NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE

Biochemical or cellular level changes*

*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease.		RETINYL PALMITATE
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		CYCLOMETHICONE, CITRIC ACID
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at very low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE