SUPER, AQUA-HANDS/HAND CREAM (2007 formulation) || Skin Deep: Cosmetic Safety Reviews

SUPER, AQUA-HANDS/HAND CREAM (2007 FORMULATION)

last updated: 12/01/07 brand: by

SCORE

high hazard (out of 10)

82%

data gap

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98% of hand creams have lower concerns

COMPANY POLICIES

Compact for Safe Cosmetics
Non-signer: This company has not signed the Compact.

Animal Testing Policy
This company's animal testing policy is unknown.

Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.

Ingredients in this product are linked to:
	Cancer
	Developmental/reproductive toxicity
	Violations, restrictions & warnings
	Allergies/immunotoxicity
	Other concerns for ingredients used in this product: Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Miscellaneous, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes

Ingredients from packaging: WATER, STEARYL ALCOHOL, MYRISTYL MYRISTATE, CETETH-20, DIMETHICONE, POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE, STEARETH-25, BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE, SODIUM PCA, STEARETH-21, UREA, ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE, METHYLPARABEN, CETYL ALCOHOL, FRAGRANCE, CHLORPHENESIN, TROMETHAMINE, GLYCINE, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, CARBOMER, LACTIC ACID, STEARYL GLYCYRRHETINATE, DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE, XANTHAN GUM, YEAST EXTRACT, ETHYLPARABEN, BUTYLPARABEN, DISODIUM EDTA, CERAMIDE 3, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, SERINE, SODIUM HYALURONATE, UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACT, ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE, PROPYLPARABEN, ISOBUTYLPARABEN, RUMEX CRISPUS ROOT EXTRACT, PHENOXYETHANOL, POLYSORBATE 20, ASCORBIC ACID, XYLOSE, CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC/SUCCINIC TRIGLYCERIDE, HYDROLYZED SOY PROTEIN, BHT, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, GOLD, GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) PROTEIN, PLANKTON EXTRACT, DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE, PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-3, GLYCERIN, GLYCERYL STEARATE, BENZOPHENONE-3, HYDROGENATED LANOLIN

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ingredients

	score	data gap	concerns
METHYLPARABEN	10	63%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Biochemical or cellular level changes
GOLD (CI 77480)	9	77%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Enhanced skin absorption, Biochemical or cellular level changes
OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3) (Active Ingredient)	9	55%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Enhanced skin absorption, Biochemical or cellular level changes
FRAGRANCE	8	100%	Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Miscellaneous
OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE) ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE (Active Ingredient)	8	65%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Enhanced skin absorption, Biochemical or cellular level changes
BUTYLPARABEN	6	79%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes
BHT	6	61%	Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes
ETHYLPARABEN	5	80%	Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE	5	72%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
PROPYLPARABEN	5	71%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
LACTIC ACID	5	70%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
MYRISTYL MYRISTATE	1	89%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
CETETH-20	3	84%	Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE	4	81%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE)
PHENOXYETHANOL	4	67%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards
UREA	4	67%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption
ISOBUTYLPARABEN	3	83%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
DISODIUM EDTA	3	78%	Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Enhanced skin absorption
DIMETHICONE	2	74%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE	1	89%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
GLYCERIN	2	74%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE) (Active Ingredient)	2	73%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Contamination concerns (BENZOIC ACID, 4-T-BUTYLBENZOIC ACID, BENZALDEHYDE, P-ANISIC ACID, ACETOPHENONE, DIBENZOYLMETHANE)
CHLORPHENESIN	2	72%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
SODIUM PCA	2	71%	Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES)
ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE	1	92%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)	1	91%	none identified
YEAST EXTRACT	1	90%	none identified
STEARETH-21	1	89%	none identified
STEARETH-25	1	89%	none identified
XYLOSE	1	89%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE GLYCERYL STEARATE	1	88%	none identified
CETYL ALCOHOL	1	87%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE	1	87%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
TROMETHAMINE	1	87%	none identified
POLYSORBATE-20	1	84%	none identified
STEARYL ALCOHOL	1	84%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
SODIUM HYALURONATE	1	83%	none identified
BUTYLENE GLYCOL	1	79%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
GLYCINE	1	79%	none identified
STEARYL GLYCYRRHETINATE	1	75%	none identified
CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC/ SUCCINIC TRIGLYCERIDE	0	100%	none identified
CERAMIDE 3	0	100%	none identified
DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE	0	100%	none identified
PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-3 (MATRIXYL)	0	100%	none identified
PLANKTON EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
RUMEX CRISPUS (YELLOW DOCK) ROOT EXTRACT RUMEX CRISPUS ROOT EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
GLYCINE SOJA PROTEIN GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) PROTEIN	0	94%	none identified
HYDROLYZED GLYCINE SOJA (SOY) PROTEIN HYDROLYZED SOY PROTEIN	0	94%	none identified
SERINE	0	94%	none identified
XANTHAN GUM	0	94%	none identified
CARBOMER	0	93%	none identified
HYDROGENATED LANOLIN	0	93%	none identified
WATER	0	0%	innocuous

Cancer*

*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		METHYLPARABEN, PROPYLPARABEN, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, UREA, GOLD (CI 77480)
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results		CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3)
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses		STEARYL ALCOHOL
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results		PHENOXYETHANOL
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		GLYCINE, GLYCERIN, ETHYLPARABEN, DISODIUM EDTA, BUTYLPARABEN, ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen		LACTIC ACID
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE)
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen		POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE, BHT

Developmental/reproductive toxicity*

*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses		UREA, POLYSORBATE-20, ETHYLPARABEN, DISODIUM EDTA, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, BHT
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		SODIUM HYALURONATE, GLYCERIN
Limited evidence of developmental toxicity		OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
One or more animal studies show any effects at low doses		PROPYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show any effects at very low doses		BUTYLPARABEN

Violations, restrictions & warnings*

*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Violation of industry recommendations - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Allowable pH limits		LACTIC ACID
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Japan - prohibited for use in some types of cosmetics		CHLORPHENESIN
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications		SODIUM PCA, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, LACTIC ACID, STEARYL GLYCYRRHETINATE
Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Product type restrictions or differences noted in safety assessment by industry panel		DIMETHICONE
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics		UREA, LACTIC ACID, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Japan - restricted for use in some types of cosmetics (concentration limit)	products for use around the eyes; products for use on the lips	OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Japan - restricted for use in some types of cosmetics (concentration limit)		OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3), CHLORPHENESIN, PHENOXYETHANOL, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE)
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics		GOLD (CI 77480), METHYLPARABEN

Neurotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		YEAST EXTRACT, OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3), LACTIC ACID, GLYCINE, GLYCERIN, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, CETETH-20, BUTYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		UREA, TROMETHAMINE, SODIUM HYALURONATE, PHENOXYETHANOL, METHYLPARABEN, CHLORPHENESIN
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at low doses		DISODIUM EDTA, BHT
Moderate evidence of human neurotoxicity		FRAGRANCE

Endocrine disruption*

*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses		GLYCINE, GLYCERIN, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, DISODIUM EDTA, BHT
One or more animal studies show endocrine disruption at moderate doses		ISOBUTYLPARABEN
Human any disruptor - moderate evidence		OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3)
Human any disruptor - strong evidence		PROPYLPARABEN, OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE), METHYLPARABEN, ETHYLPARABEN, BUTYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses		SODIUM PCA

Allergies/immunotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Associated with immunotoxicity		AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE)
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity		PHENOXYETHANOL
One or more human case studies show possible photoallergic effects		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
Human skin and immune toxicant - moderate evidence		GOLD (CI 77480)
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN, ISOBUTYLPARABEN, ETHYLPARABEN, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, BUTYLPARABEN
Possible human photoallergenic toxicant		OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3)
Known human immune system toxicant		FRAGRANCE, BHT

Persistence and bioaccumulation*

*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative		POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE
Not suspected to be persistent		CETYL ALCOHOL
Ingredient is suspected or measured to accumulate in people		OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3), OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*

*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful		POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE
One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	YEAST EXTRACT
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	STEARYL ALCOHOL
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		CETETH-20, GLYCINE, SODIUM PCA, POLYSORBATE-20
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, TROMETHAMINE, STEARETH-21, STEARETH-25,
One or more animal studies show cardiovascular effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3)
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	SODIUM HYALURONATE, CETYL ALCOHOL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, UREA
Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity		XYLOSE, PROPYLPARABEN, ISOBUTYLPARABEN, ETHYLPARABEN, BUTYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at low doses		DISODIUM EDTA, BHT
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	PHENOXYETHANOL, LACTIC ACID, DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE
One or more animal studies show kidney or renal system effects at very low doses		GLYCERIN
Possible human immune system toxicant		CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, GOLD (CI 77480)
Known human any toxicant		METHYLPARABEN

Miscellaneous*

*This table includes all possible miscellaneous concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Ingredient not fully labeled - identity unknown		FRAGRANCE

Ecotoxicology*

*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Wildlife and environmental toxicity		PROPYLPARABEN
Wildlife and environmental toxicity		OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE), OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3)
Not suspected to be an environmental toxin		POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE
Suspected to be an environmental toxin		CETYL ALCOHOL

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*

*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Not likely to be a skin irritant in humans		OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3)
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at high doses		CETETH-20
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses		SODIUM HYALURONATE, POLYSORBATE-20, GLYCERIN, BUTYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses		UREA, METHYLPARABEN, BHT
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses		LACTIC ACID
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	STEARYL ALCOHOL
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses		DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE, CETYL ALCOHOL
Human skin irritant - moderate evidence		CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
Classified as irritant		PHENOXYETHANOL
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	BUTYLENE GLYCOL, ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE, MYRISTYL MYRISTATE

Data gaps*

*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		STEARYL GLYCYRRHETINATE, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		CETETH-20, ISOBUTYLPARABEN
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		UREA
Considered safe based on assumption of low absorption		STEARYL GLYCYRRHETINATE
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		CETETH-20
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		STEARYL ALCOHOL, PROPYLPARABEN, POLYSORBATE-20, OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3), PHENOXYETHANOL, MYRISTYL MYRISTATE, METHYLPARABEN, HYDROGENATED LANOLIN, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, ETHYLPARABEN, ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE, DISODIUM EDTA, CETETH-20, CETYL ALCOHOL, DIMETHICONE, DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE, CARBOMER, BUTYLPARABEN, BHT, BUTYLENE GLYCOL
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel		XYLOSE
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel		UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACT, STEARETH-25, STEARETH-21, GOLD (CI 77480), YEAST EXTRACT, XANTHAN GUM, TROMETHAMINE, SERINE, RUMEX CRISPUS (YELLOW DOCK) ROOT EXTRACT, POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE, PLANKTON EXTRACT, PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-3 (MATRIXYL), HYDROLYZED GLYCINE SOJA (SOY) PROTEIN, GLYCINE SOJA PROTEIN, GLYCINE, GLYCERIN, FRAGRANCE, DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE, CHLORPHENESIN, CERAMIDE 3, CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC/ SUCCINIC TRIGLYCERIDE, AVOBENZONE (PARSOL 1789 \| BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE)

Occupational hazards*

*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to very low doses		GOLD (CI 77480)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		PHENOXYETHANOL
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		BHT
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses		GLYCERIN
No workplace limits set		LACTIC ACID

Biochemical or cellular level changes*

*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Interferes with gene expresion		METHYLPARABEN
Cancer - limited evidence - immune system		GOLD (CI 77480)
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		GLYCERIN, GLYCINE
Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease.		OXYBENZONE (BENZOPHENONE-3), OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)
Interferes with gene expresion		BUTYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		BHT
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		CETETH-20