Clairol Herbal Essences by Clairol, True Intense Permanent Hair Color, Plush Plum (Radiant Burgundy) 48 || Skin Deep: Cosmetic Safety Reviews

CLAIROL HERBAL ESSENCES BY CLAIROL, TRUE INTENSE PERMANENT HAIR COLOR, PLUSH PLUM (RADIANT BURGUNDY) 48

last updated: 04/03/08 brand: Clairol by Procter & Gamble

SCORE

high hazard (out of 10)

83%

data gap

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82% of hair color and bleachings have lower concerns

COMPANY POLICIES

Compact for Safe Cosmetics
Non-signer: This company has not signed the Compact.

Animal Testing Policy
This company conducts animal tests.

Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.

Ingredients in this product are linked to:
	Cancer
	Developmental/reproductive toxicity
	Violations, restrictions & warnings
	Allergies/immunotoxicity
	Other concerns for ingredients used in this product: Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Miscellaneous, Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards

Ingredients from packaging: Permanent Color Gel: Water; Propylene Glycol; Ethanolamine; Hexylene Glycol; Soytrimonium Chloride; Ethoxydiglycol; C11-15 Pareth-9; Dilinoleic Acid; Fragrance; Cocamidopropyl Betaine; Oleic Acid; Ascorbic Acid; Prunus Serotina (Wild Cherry) Fruit Extract; Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract; Passiflora Incarnata Flower Extract; Papaver Rhoeas Extract; Viola Tricolor Extract; Rosa Canina Fruit Extract; Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Extract; Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein; Oleamide MIPA; PEG-150/Stearyl/SMDI Copolymer; C12-15 Pareth-3; Oleth-2; Oleth-10; Polysorbate 20; Sodium Sulfite; EDTA; 4-Amino-2-Hydroxytoluene; P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate; P-Aminophenol. Color Developing Creme: Water; Hydrogen Peroxide; Glyceryl Stearate; Cetearyl Alcohol; Emulsifying Wax; Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine; PEG-75 Lanolin; Ceteareth-20; Oleth-10; Oleth-2; Etidronic Acid; Simethicone. Color Seal Conditioner: Water; Cetearyl Alcohol; Behentrimonium Chloride; Cyclomethicone; Trimethylsilylamodimethicone; Oleyl Alcohol; Sodium Cocoamphopropionate; Panthenol; Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract; Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Oil; Tocopherol; Fragrance; Citric Acid; Disodium EDTA; Propylene Glycol; DMDM Hydantoin; Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate.

Directions from packaging: Easy to follow instructions inside.

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ingredients

	score	data gap	concerns
P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE	10	52%	Cancer, Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards
DMDM HYDANTOIN	7	71%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (FORMALDEHYDE)
P-AMINOPHENOL	8	57%	Cancer, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
FRAGRANCE	8	100%	Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Miscellaneous
CETEARETH-20	5	71%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
ETHANOLAMINE	7	66%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards
PEG-150/ STEARYL ALCOHOL/ SMDI COPOLYMER PEG-150/STEARYL/SMDI COPOLYMER	4	76%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PEG-75 LANOLIN	4	75%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE	3	65%	Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards
IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE	4	65%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE	5	67%	Cancer, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity
HEXYLENE GLYCOL	4	67%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE	5	63%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES)
OLETH-10	3	87%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
OLETH-2	3	87%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PROPYLENE GLYCOL	4	60%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption
SODIUM SULFITE	3	87%	Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
DISODIUM EDTA	3	78%	Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Enhanced skin absorption
EDTA	3	78%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption
CITRIC ACID	2	72%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
PANTHENOL	2	88%	Multiple, additive exposure sources
TOCOPHEROL	2	87%	Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE)
CYCLOMETHICONE	2	83%	Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
ETHOXYDIGLYCOL	2	82%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
OLEIC ACID	1	82%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
ETIDRONIC ACID	2	79%	Endocrine disruption, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
THYMUS VULGARIS (COMMON THYME) EXTRACT THYMUS VULGARIS (THYME) EXTRACT	1	100%	Multiple, additive exposure sources
BEHENTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE	0	94%	none identified
DILINOLEIC ACID	0	94%	none identified
OLEAMIDE MIPA	0	94%	none identified
STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE	0	94%	none identified
SOYTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE	0	94%	none identified
CETEARYL ALCOHOL	0	93%	none identified
ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)	1	91%	none identified
TRITICUM VULGARE (WHEAT) GERM OIL	1	90%	none identified
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE GLYCERYL STEARATE	1	88%	none identified
C11-15 PARETH-9	1	88%	none identified
OLEYL ALCOHOL	1	87%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
C12-15 PARETH-3	1	86%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
POLYSORBATE-20	1	84%	none identified
EMULSIFYING WAX	0	100%	none identified
HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ROSELLE) FLOWER EXTRACT HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FLOWER EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
HYDROLYZED VEGETABLE PROTEIN	0	100%	none identified
PAPAVER RHOEAS (CORN POPPY) EXTRACT PAPAVER RHOEAS EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA (MAYPOPS) FLOWER EXTRACT PASSIFLORA INCARNATA FLOWER EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
ROSA CANINA (DOG ROSE) FRUIT EXTRACT ROSA CANINA FRUIT EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
SIMETHICONE	0	100%	none identified
SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
TRIMETHYLSILYLAMODIMETHICONE	0	100%	none identified
WILD PANSY EXTRACT VIOLA TRICOLOR EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
PRUNUS SEROTINA (WILD CHERRY) FRUIT EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
SODIUM COCOAMPHOPROPIONATE	0	99%	none identified
WATER	0	0%	innocuous

Cancer*

*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results		TRITICUM VULGARE (WHEAT) GERM OIL, ETHOXYDIGLYCOL
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		TOCOPHEROL, SODIUM SULFITE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, OLEIC ACID, ETHANOLAMINE, EDTA, DISODIUM EDTA, ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Cancer - limited evidence		4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE
Mutagen - limited evidence		P-AMINOPHENOL
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen		HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

Developmental/reproductive toxicity*

*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses		POLYSORBATE-20, ETHOXYDIGLYCOL, ETHANOLAMINE, EDTA, DISODIUM EDTA
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		PROPYLENE GLYCOL, P-AMINOPHENOL, ETIDRONIC ACID
Human nervous system toxicant - moderate evidence		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

Violations, restrictions & warnings*

*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications		PEG-75 LANOLIN, PEG-150/ STEARYL ALCOHOL/ SMDI COPOLYMER, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, ETHANOLAMINE, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE, P-AMINOPHENOL, P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, CETEARETH-20, COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE
Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Product type restrictions or differences noted in safety assessment by industry panel		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - any		4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE
Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Product type restrictions or differences noted in safety assessment by industry panel		P-AMINOPHENOL, 4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics		CITRIC ACID, P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE, DMDM HYDANTOIN, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE
Violation of industry recommendations - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Unsafe in products left on skin and not rinsed off	products that are intended to be left on the skin	ETHANOLAMINE
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Japan - prohibited for use in some types of cosmetics		DMDM HYDANTOIN

Neurotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
nervous system - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study		HEXYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		PROPYLENE GLYCOL, C12-15 PARETH-3, ETHOXYDIGLYCOL, 4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		OLEIC ACID, P-AMINOPHENOL, ETIDRONIC ACID, EDTA, ETHANOLAMINE, CETEARETH-20
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at low doses		SODIUM SULFITE, DISODIUM EDTA
Moderate evidence of human neurotoxicity		FRAGRANCE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at very low doses		HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Strong evidence of human neurotoxicity		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

Endocrine disruption*

*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, HEXYLENE GLYCOL, DISODIUM EDTA, 4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE
One or more studies show endocrine system disruption at low doses		ETIDRONIC ACID

Allergies/immunotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Human immune system toxicant - moderate evidence		SODIUM SULFITE
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity		PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence		ETHANOLAMINE, 4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE
Known human immune system toxicant		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, P-AMINOPHENOL, HEXYLENE GLYCOL, DMDM HYDANTOIN, FRAGRANCE, COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE

Persistence and bioaccumulation*

*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative		EDTA
Not suspected to be persistent		C12-15 PARETH-3
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife		CYCLOMETHICONE

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*

*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful		C12-15 PARETH-3
One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		PROPYLENE GLYCOL, HEXYLENE GLYCOL, CYCLOMETHICONE, POLYSORBATE-20, C11-15 PARETH-9, PANTHENOL
One or more animal studies show liver effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		CETEARETH-20, OLETH-2, OLETH-10, OLEIC ACID, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, DMDM HYDANTOIN, 4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE, CITRIC ACID
Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity		PEG-75 LANOLIN, PEG-150/ STEARYL ALCOHOL/ SMDI COPOLYMER, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE, ETHOXYDIGLYCOL
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at low doses		EDTA, DISODIUM EDTA
One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at very low doses		HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Possible human immune system toxicant		SODIUM SULFITE, P-AMINOPHENOL, ETHANOLAMINE
Known human respiratory toxicant		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
One or more animal studies show blood effects at low doses		ETIDRONIC ACID

Miscellaneous*

*This table includes all possible miscellaneous concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Occupational hazards related to handling		HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, ETHANOLAMINE
Ingredient not fully labeled - identity unknown		FRAGRANCE

Multiple, additive exposure sources*

*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food		PRUNUS SEROTINA (WILD CHERRY) FRUIT EXTRACT, PEG-75 LANOLIN, TOCOPHEROL, THYMUS VULGARIS (COMMON THYME) EXTRACT, SODIUM SULFITE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, POLYSORBATE-20, PEG-150/ STEARYL ALCOHOL/ SMDI COPOLYMER, OLEIC ACID, HYDROLYZED VEGETABLE PROTEIN, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, ETIDRONIC ACID, ETHOXYDIGLYCOL, ETHANOLAMINE, DISODIUM EDTA, CITRIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available		THYMUS VULGARIS (COMMON THYME) EXTRACT, PANTHENOL

Ecotoxicology*

*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Suspected to be an environmental toxin		C12-15 PARETH-3
Not suspected to be an environmental toxin		EDTA
Suspected to be an environmental toxin		CYCLOMETHICONE
Wildlife and environmental toxicity		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, P-AMINOPHENOL

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*

*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at high doses		C12-15 PARETH-3, SODIUM SULFITE, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE, 4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses		TRITICUM VULGARE (WHEAT) GERM OIL, C11-15 PARETH-9, POLYSORBATE-20, P-AMINOPHENOL, ETHOXYDIGLYCOL, CYCLOMETHICONE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses		OLETH-2
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses		CITRIC ACID
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses		OLETH-10, OLEIC ACID
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	OLEYL ALCOHOL
Human skin irritant - moderate evidence		ETHANOLAMINE, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses		CETEARETH-20
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	DMDM HYDANTOIN
Classified as skin irritant		PROPYLENE GLYCOL, P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, HEXYLENE GLYCOL, EDTA

Data gaps*

*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		PEG-75 LANOLIN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Insufficient data to determine safety		4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE, P-AMINOPHENOL, P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE, SODIUM COCOAMPHOPROPIONATE, OLETH-2, OLETH-10
Missing safety data noted by cosmetic industry review		4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE, P-AMINOPHENOL
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)
Considered safe based on assumption of low absorption		4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		PEG-75 LANOLIN
Missing safety data noted by cosmetic industry review		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		TRITICUM VULGARE (WHEAT) GERM OIL, POLYSORBATE-20, P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, SODIUM SULFITE, TOCOPHEROL, P-AMINOPHENOL, PANTHENOL, OLEYL ALCOHOL, OLETH-2, OLEIC ACID, OLETH-10, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, HEXYLENE GLYCOL, EDTA, DISODIUM EDTA, DMDM HYDANTOIN, ETHOXYDIGLYCOL, CYCLOMETHICONE, CETEARYL ALCOHOL, ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C), 4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYTOLUENE
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel		SOYTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE, PRUNUS SEROTINA (WILD CHERRY) FRUIT EXTRACT, C12-15 PARETH-3, C11-15 PARETH-9, WILD PANSY EXTRACT, TRIMETHYLSILYLAMODIMETHICONE, THYMUS VULGARIS (COMMON THYME) EXTRACT, STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE, SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED EXTRACT, SIMETHICONE, ROSA CANINA (DOG ROSE) FRUIT EXTRACT, PEG-150/ STEARYL ALCOHOL/ SMDI COPOLYMER, PASSIFLORA INCARNATA (MAYPOPS) FLOWER EXTRACT, PAPAVER RHOEAS (CORN POPPY) EXTRACT, OLEAMIDE MIPA, HYDROLYZED VEGETABLE PROTEIN, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ROSELLE) FLOWER EXTRACT, FRAGRANCE, ETIDRONIC ACID, EMULSIFYING WAX, DILINOLEIC ACID, CITRIC ACID, BEHENTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE

Occupational hazards*

*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to very low doses		P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		ETHANOLAMINE, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, P-AMINOPHENOL

Biochemical or cellular level changes*

*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at moderate doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		ETIDRONIC ACID, P-AMINOPHENOL
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		CITRIC ACID, CYCLOMETHICONE, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL