LIVING NATURE DAILY DEFENCE, SPF 15
last updated: 10/01/08 brand: Living Nature by Living Nature
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Compact for Safe Cosmetics
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Sunscreen effectiveness* breakdown
| MEDIUM | UVB sunburn protection |
| HIGH | UVA protection |
| HIGH | sunscreen stability |
*Note that the same active ingredient combination may score differently in two different products depending on the concentration of the ingredients and the mixture of inactive ingredients.
Active ingredient UV |
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 Product total |
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| NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) ( 7.4? %) |
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We have had to assume the percentage of the active ingredients in this product. If you own this product and it has the percentages printed on the package, you can help us fill in this missing information.
Note to manufacturers: We have assumed a typical particle size for the mineral(s) in your product based on typical industry use. We welcome specific data from manufacturers if actual particle size is different.
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
Ingredients in this product are linked to: | |
 | Cancer |
| Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
 | Violations, restrictions & warnings |
| Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| Other concerns for ingredients used in this product: Neurotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards |
Ingredients from packaging: Aqua (water), zinc oxide, Simmondsia chinensis oil** (jojoba oil), Cetearyl wheatstraw glycosides (&) cetearyl alcohol, Persea gratissima oil (avocado oil), Sclerotium gum, Citrus grandis seed extract (grapefruit seed extract), Phormium tenax leaf juice (NZ flax gel), Mel (manuka honey, Citrus aurantium amara oil (bitter orange oil), Pogostemon cablin oil (patchouli oil), Cistus ladaniferus oil (cistus oil), Tocopherol (vitamin E), Leptospermum scoparium oil (manuka oil), Melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil), Totarol (totara extract), Backhousia citriodora oil (lemon myrtle oil), Limonene*, Eugenol*, Linalool*
Directions from packaging: Smooth lightly onto face and neck following your usual daily moisturiser and before applying makeup for extra protection
Warnings from packaging: Patch test before use. Store below 30oC.
user reviews & comments
| anonymous 11973 |  | "I am very particular about the products I apply to my skin. Having very oily to combination skin I've never been able to find a safer product that fe ..." | Read more. |
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ingredients
| score | data gap | concerns | |
| NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) (Active Ingredient) | 3 | 70% | Violations, restrictions & warnings, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards |
| EUGENOL (COMPONENT OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS) | 7 | 56% | Violations, restrictions & warnings, Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
| LIMONENE (COMPONENT OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS) | 6 | 56% | Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
| LINALOOL (COMPONENT OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS) | 5 | 65% | Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
| CITRUS GRANDIS (GRAPEFRUIT) SEED EXTRACT Citrus grandis seed extract (grapefruit seed extract) | 4 | 100% | Multiple, additive exposure sources, Contamination concerns (BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE, METHYLPARABEN, TRICLOSAN) |
| CISTUS LADANIFERUS OIL | 2 | 89% | Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
| TOCOPHEROL | 2 | 87% | Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE) |
| CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA (BITTER ORANGE) OIL Citrus aurantium amara oil (bitter orange oil) | 2 | 75% | Violations, restrictions & warnings, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
| MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (TEA TREE) ESSENTIAL OIL Melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil) | 1 | 96% | Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| PERSEA GRATISSIMA (AVOCADO) OIL Persea gratissima oil (avocado oil) | 1 | 87% | Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
| SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL Simmondsia chinensis oil** (jojoba oil)(certified organic) (CERTIFIED ORGANIC) | 1 | 87% | none identified |
| EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA (LEMON-SCENTED GUM) ESSENTIAL OIL Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle oil) | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| POGOSTEMON CABLIN (PATCHOULI) ESSENTIAL OIL Pogostemon cablin oil (patchouli oil) | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| SCLEROTIUM GUM | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| TOTAROL | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| LEPTOSPERMUM SCOPARIUM (MANUKA) OIL Leptospermum scoparium oil (manuka oil) | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| MEL | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| PHORMIUM TENAX (FLAX) LEAF JUICE Phormium tenax leaf juice (NZ flax gel) | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| WATER | 0 | 0% | innocuous |
Cancer*
*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results | LINALOOL | |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) | |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | TOCOPHEROL | |
| Not likely to be carcinogenic in humans | EUGENOL | |
| Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen | LIMONENE |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity*
*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show developmental effects at high doses | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), LIMONENE |
Violations, restrictions & warnings*
*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Fragrance subject to restrictions: safe only if satisfies manufacturing specifications or purity limits, according to industry safety panel (International Fragrance Association) | LINALOOL, CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA (BITTER ORANGE) OIL, EUGENOL, LIMONENE | |
| Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - any | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) |
Neurotoxicity*
*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at low doses | EUGENOL | |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses | LINALOOL | |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) |
Endocrine disruption*
*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Limited evidence of any disruption | MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (TEA TREE) ESSENTIAL OIL |
Allergies/immunotoxicity*
*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Limited evidence of any toxicity | MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (TEA TREE) ESSENTIAL OIL | |
| Possible human immune system toxicant | LINALOOL | |
| Known human immune system toxicant | EUGENOL, LIMONENE |
Persistence and bioaccumulation*
*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*
*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips | PERSEA GRATISSIMA (AVOCADO) OIL |
| One or more animal studies show kidney or renal system effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL, LIMONENE | |
| One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at low doses | products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips | LINALOOL |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) | |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | CISTUS LADANIFERUS OIL | |
| One or more animal studies show cardiovascular effects at low doses | EUGENOL |
Multiple, additive exposure sources*
*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA (BITTER ORANGE) OIL, TOCOPHEROL, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), LINALOOL, EUGENOL, LIMONENE | |
| Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available | CITRUS GRANDIS (GRAPEFRUIT) SEED EXTRACT, CISTUS LADANIFERUS OIL |
Ecotoxicology*
*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | LIMONENE, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*
*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) | |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses | CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA (BITTER ORANGE) OIL, CISTUS LADANIFERUS OIL | |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses | PERSEA GRATISSIMA (AVOCADO) OIL, LINALOOL | |
| Classified as irritant | LIMONENE | |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses | EUGENOL |
Data gaps*
*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Insufficient data to determine safety | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) | |
| Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product | TOCOPHEROL, SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL, PERSEA GRATISSIMA (AVOCADO) OIL | |
| Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel | PHORMIUM TENAX (FLAX) LEAF JUICE, MEL, LEPTOSPERMUM SCOPARIUM (MANUKA) OIL, CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA (BITTER ORANGE) OIL, TOTAROL, SCLEROTIUM GUM, POGOSTEMON CABLIN (PATCHOULI) ESSENTIAL OIL, NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm), MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (TEA TREE) ESSENTIAL OIL, LINALOOL, EUGENOL, EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA (LEMON-SCENTED GUM) ESSENTIAL OIL, LIMONENE, CITRUS GRANDIS (GRAPEFRUIT) SEED EXTRACT, CISTUS LADANIFERUS OIL |
Occupational hazards*
*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | NANO ZINC OXIDE (20-60nm) |
Biochemical or cellular level changes*
*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood | SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL |
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