MURAD APS EYE TREATMENT COMPLEX, SPF 8
last updated: 03/15/09 brand: Murad by Murad, Inc.
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Sunscreen effectiveness* breakdown
| LOW | UVB sunburn protection |
| LOW | UVA protection |
| MEDIUM | sunscreen stability |
*Note that the same active ingredient combination may score differently in two different products depending on the concentration of the ingredients and the mixture of inactive ingredients.
Active ingredient UV |
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 Product total |
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| OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE) (6%) |
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| NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE (1.2%) |
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Note to manufacturers: We have assumed a typical particle size for the mineral(s) in your product based on typical industry use. We welcome specific data from manufacturers if actual particle size is different.
Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.
Ingredients in this product are linked to: | |
 | Cancer |
| Developmental/reproductive toxicity |
| Violations, restrictions & warnings |
| Allergies/immunotoxicity |
| Other concerns for ingredients used in this product: Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes |
Ingredients from packaging: ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: OCTINOXATE 6.0%, TITANIUM DIOXIDE 1.2% INACTIVE INGREDIENTS: WATER (AQUA), ISOPROPYL ISOSTEARATE, GLYCOLIC ACID, GLYCERIN, PPG-12/SMDI COPOLYMER, CETYL ALCOHOL, CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC GLYCERIDES, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, GLYCERYL STEARATE, PEG-100 STEARATE, STEARETH-2, CETYL PHOSPHATE, SORBITAN STEARATE, ISOSTEARIC ACID, PALMITOYL HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM AMYLOPECTIN/GLYCERIN CROSSPOLYMER, VITIS VINIFERA SEED EXTRACT (GRAPE), GLYCOLIPIDS, LYSINE LAUROYL METHIONATE, ZINC ASPARTATE, HYALURONIC ACID, RICE AMINO ACIDS, LECITHIN, TOCOPHEROL, MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATE, TOCOPHERYL LINOLEATE, RETINYL PALMITATE, PANTHENOL, ALLANTOIN, ZEA MAYS OIL (CORN), SCLEROTIUM GUM, POLYHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID, SILICA, ALUMINA, CHITOSAN ASCORBATE, DISODIUM EDTA, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, METHYLPARABEN, PROPYLPARABEN, BETA-CAROTENE (CI 75130)
Directions from packaging: Every day after cleansing and toning, gently pat a small amount onto the brow bone and beneath the eye.
Warnings from packaging: For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes. Keep out of reach of children.
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ingredients
| score | data gap | concerns | |
| NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE (Active Ingredient) | 2 | 87% | Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes |
| METHYLPARABEN | 10 | 63% | Violations, restrictions & warnings, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Biochemical or cellular level changes |
| OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE) (Active Ingredient) | 6 | 65% | Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Enhanced skin absorption, Biochemical or cellular level changes |
| SILICA | 1 | 69% | Biochemical or cellular level changes |
| PEG-100 STEARATE | 4 | 69% | Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE) |
| ALUMINA | 6 | 85% | Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Neurotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Enhanced skin absorption, Occupational hazards |
| LECITHIN | 3 | 70% | Multiple, additive exposure sources, Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES) |
| DIAZOLIDINYL UREA | 6 | 59% | Allergies/immunotoxicity, Contamination concerns (FORMALDEHYDE) |
| PROPYLPARABEN | 5 | 71% | Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
| RETINYL PALMITATE | 5 | 68% | Cancer, Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes |
| GLYCOLIC ACID | 4 | 70% | Violations, restrictions & warnings |
| DISODIUM EDTA | 3 | 78% | Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Enhanced skin absorption |
| SODIUM HYDROXIDE | 3 | 77% | Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
| TOCOPHERYL LINOLEATE | 2 | 93% | Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE) |
| PANTHENOL | 2 | 88% | Multiple, additive exposure sources |
| TOCOPHEROL | 2 | 87% | Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE) |
| BETA CAROTENE | 1 | 84% | Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
| ZINC ASPARTATE | 2 | 82% | Allergies/immunotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) |
| ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL ZEA MAYS OIL (CORN) | 2 | 79% | Neurotoxicity |
| GLYCERIN | 2 | 74% | Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards |
| VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT VITIS VINIFERA SEED EXTRACT (GRAPE) | 1 | 100% | Multiple, additive exposure sources |
| CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC GLYCERIDES | 0 | 94% | none identified |
| CETYL PHOSPHATE | 0 | 94% | none identified |
| ISOSTEARIC ACID | 0 | 93% | none identified |
| SORBITAN STEARATE | 1 | 92% | none identified |
| GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE GLYCERYL STEARATE | 1 | 88% | none identified |
| ISOPROPYL ISOSTEARATE | 0 | 88% | none identified |
| STEARETH-2 | 1 | 88% | none identified |
| CETYL ALCOHOL | 1 | 87% | Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) |
| DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATE | 1 | 75% | none identified |
| CHITOSAN ASCORBATE | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| GLYCOLIPIDS | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| LYSINE LAUROYL METHIONATE | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| PALMITOYL HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM AMYLOPECTIN/ GLYCERIN CROSSPOLYMER | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| SCLEROTIUM GUM | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| RICE AMINO ACIDS | 0 | 100% | none identified |
| MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE | 0 | 99% | none identified |
| ALLANTOIN | 0 | 94% | none identified |
| HYALURONIC ACID | 0 | 94% | none identified |
| POLYHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID | 0 | 94% | none identified |
| PPG-12/ SMDI COPOLYMER | 0 | 94% | none identified |
| WATER | 0 | 0% | innocuous |
Cancer*
*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses | ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL | |
| One or more animal studies show tumor formation at moderate doses | PEG-100 STEARATE, ALUMINA | |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE | |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | TOCOPHEROL, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN, GLYCERIN, DISODIUM EDTA, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA | |
| Cancer - limited evidence | RETINYL PALMITATE |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity*
*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | PEG-100 STEARATE, ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL, GLYCOLIC ACID, DISODIUM EDTA | |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses | OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE) | |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses | GLYCERIN, BETA CAROTENE | |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at low doses | RETINYL PALMITATE, | |
| One or more animal studies show any effects at low doses | PROPYLPARABEN | |
| Human nervous system toxicant - moderate evidence | ALUMINA |
Violations, restrictions & warnings*
*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications | DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, GLYCOLIC ACID, LECITHIN, PEG-100 STEARATE | |
| Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics | GLYCOLIC ACID, RETINYL PALMITATE | |
| Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Restrictions on impurities recommended by industry safety panel | DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATE | |
| Violation of industry recommendations - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Allowable pH limits | GLYCOLIC ACID | |
| Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics | METHYLPARABEN |
Neurotoxicity*
*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses | RETINYL PALMITATE, GLYCERIN, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA | |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses | METHYLPARABEN, LECITHIN, GLYCOLIC ACID | |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at low doses | ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL, DISODIUM EDTA | |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at very low doses | SODIUM HYDROXIDE | |
| Strong evidence of human neurotoxicity | ALUMINA |
Endocrine disruption*
*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | GLYCERIN, DISODIUM EDTA, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA | |
| Human any disruptor - strong evidence | PROPYLPARABEN, OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE), METHYLPARABEN |
Allergies/immunotoxicity*
*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| respiratory - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed/unreview: published lit review or major tox study | NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE | |
| One or more human case studies show possible photoallergic effects | OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE) | |
| Limited evidence of immune system toxicity | ZINC ASPARTATE | |
| Human skin toxicant - strong evidence | PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN | |
| Known human immune system toxicant | DIAZOLIDINYL UREA |
Persistence and bioaccumulation*
*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, ALUMINA | |
| Not suspected to be persistent | CETYL ALCOHOL | |
| Ingredient is suspected or measured to accumulate in people | OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE) | |
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | ZINC ASPARTATE |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*
*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | SILICA, | |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE) | |
| One or more animal studies show cardiovascular effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | CETYL ALCOHOL, PANTHENOL, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA | |
| One or more animal studies show liver effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL, GLYCOLIC ACID, | |
| One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | ALUMINA | |
| One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | STEARETH-2, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE | |
| Limited evidence of skin toxicity | RETINYL PALMITATE, PEG-100 STEARATE, PROPYLPARABEN | |
| One or more animal studies show cardiovascular effects at low doses | BETA CAROTENE, ZINC ASPARTATE, DISODIUM EDTA | |
| One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at very low doses | SODIUM HYDROXIDE, GLYCERIN, NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE | |
| Known human any toxicant | METHYLPARABEN |
Multiple, additive exposure sources*
*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE, PEG-100 STEARATE, TOCOPHEROL, SORBITAN STEARATE, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, RETINYL PALMITATE, PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN, LECITHIN, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, GLYCERIN, DISODIUM EDTA, CETYL ALCOHOL | |
| Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available | PANTHENOL | |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | BETA CAROTENE | |
| Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available | VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT, LECITHIN |
Ecotoxicology*
*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | ALUMINA, CETYL ALCOHOL | |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | SODIUM HYDROXIDE | |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE) | |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE | |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | PROPYLPARABEN |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*
*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses | ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL, SORBITAN STEARATE, GLYCERIN | |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses | METHYLPARABEN, | |
| One or more animal studies show significant but moderate pulmonary irritation at low doses | NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE | |
| One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses | PEG-100 STEARATE, CETYL ALCOHOL, SODIUM HYDROXIDE |
Data gaps*
*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Safety assessment was based on related chemical | STEARETH-2 | |
| Missing safety data noted by cosmetic industry review | ISOSTEARIC ACID | |
| Safety assessment was based on related chemical | PEG-100 STEARATE, MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, ISOPROPYL ISOSTEARATE | |
| Considered safe based on assumption of low absorption | DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATE | |
| Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product | STEARETH-2, TOCOPHEROL, PEG-100 STEARATE, SORBITAN STEARATE, TOCOPHERYL LINOLEATE, RETINYL PALMITATE, MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, METHYLPARABEN, PANTHENOL, PROPYLPARABEN, ISOSTEARIC ACID, ISOPROPYL ISOSTEARATE, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATE | |
| Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel | SODIUM HYDROXIDE, ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL, ZINC ASPARTATE, VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT, RICE AMINO ACIDS, NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE | |
| Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product | DISODIUM EDTA, CETYL ALCOHOL | |
| Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel | SCLEROTIUM GUM, PPG-12/ SMDI COPOLYMER, POLYHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID, PALMITOYL HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM AMYLOPECTIN/ GLYCERIN CROSSPOLYMER, LYSINE LAUROYL METHIONATE, GLYCOLIPIDS, GLYCERIN, CHITOSAN ASCORBATE, CETYL PHOSPHATE, CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC GLYCERIDES, BETA CAROTENE, ALUMINA, ALLANTOIN |
Occupational hazards*
*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| No workplace limits set | SODIUM HYDROXIDE, GLYCOLIC ACID | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses | GLYCERIN, ALUMINA | |
| Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE |
Biochemical or cellular level changes*
*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.
| type of concern | product conditions | ingredient(s) |
| Interferes with gene expresion | METHYLPARABEN | |
| Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease. | OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE), RETINYL PALMITATE | |
| One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood | GLYCERIN, ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL | |
| One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at moderate doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood | BETA CAROTENE | |
| One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at very low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood | NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE, SILICA |
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