Arm & Hammer Enamel Care Daily Fluoride Anti-Cavity Mint Toothpaste, Natural Whitening (2006 formulation) || Skin Deep: Cosmetic Safety Reviews

ARM & HAMMER ENAMEL CARE DAILY FLUORIDE ANTI-CAVITY MINT TOOTHPASTE, NATURAL WHITENING (2006 FORMULATION)

last updated: 05/01/06 brand: Arm & Hammer by Church & Dwight Co.

SCORE

high hazard (out of 10)

75%

data gap

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99% of toothpastes have lower concerns

COMPANY POLICIES

Compact for Safe Cosmetics
Non-signer: This company has not signed the Compact.

Animal Testing Policy
This company conducts animal tests.

Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.

Ingredients in this product are linked to:
	Cancer
	Developmental/reproductive toxicity
	Violations, restrictions & warnings
	Allergies/immunotoxicity
	Other concerns for ingredients used in this product: Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Miscellaneous, Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes

Ingredients from packaging: ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: SODIUM FLUORIDE 0.24% (ANTICAVITY TOOTHPASTE) INACTIVE INGREDIENTS: GLYCERIN, SODIUM BICARBONATE (BAKING SODA), WATER, SORBITOL, HYDRATED SILICA, CALCIUM SULFATE, SODIUM SULFATE, SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE, SILICA, FLAVOR, DIPOSTASSIUM PHOSPHATE, SODIUM CARBONATE, SODIUM SACCHARIN, CELLULOSE GUM, XANTHAN GUM, METHYLPARABEN, PROPYLPARABEN, BLUE 1, MAY ALSO CONTAIN SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE

Directions from packaging: + Do not swallow. + Supervise children as necessary until capable of using without supervision. + Adults and children 12 years and over: brush teeth thoroughly after meals or at least twice a day or use as directed by a dentist or physician. + Children under 6 years: i nstruct in good brushing and rinsing habits (to minimize swallowing). + Children under 2 years: ask a dentist or physician.

Warnings from packaging: Keep out of reach of children under 6 years of age. If more than used for brushing is accidentally swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.

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ingredients

	score	data gap	concerns
METHYLPARABEN	10	63%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Biochemical or cellular level changes
SODIUM FLUORIDE (Active Ingredient)	9	63%	Cancer, Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes
SILICA	1	69%	Biochemical or cellular level changes
PROPYLPARABEN	5	71%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
FLAVOR	4	100%	Miscellaneous
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE (May Contain)	4	73%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES)
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE	3	68%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
FD&C BLUE 1	1	83%	none identified
SODIUM CARBONATE	2	82%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
SODIUM SACCHARIN	2	80%	Neurotoxicity
HYDRATED SILICA	2	79%	Persistence and bioaccumulation
GLYCERIN	2	74%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
SORBITOL	1	88%	none identified
CELLULOSE GUM	1	80%	none identified
SODIUM SULFATE	1	73%	none identified
CALCIUM SULFATE	0	100%	none identified
DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE DIPOSTASSIUM PHOSPHATE	0	94%	none identified
XANTHAN GUM	0	94%	none identified
WATER	0	0%	innocuous

Cancer*

*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		SORBITOL
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses		CELLULOSE GUM
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		SODIUM SACCHARIN, SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE, PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN, GLYCERIN
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at low doses		SODIUM FLUORIDE
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen		HYDRATED SILICA, FD&C BLUE 1

Developmental/reproductive toxicity*

*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses		SODIUM SACCHARIN, SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		GLYCERIN, CELLULOSE GUM
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at very low doses		SODIUM CARBONATE
One or more animal studies show any effects at low doses		PROPYLPARABEN
Human nervous system toxicant - moderate evidence		SODIUM FLUORIDE

Violations, restrictions & warnings*

*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications		SODIUM SULFATE
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics		SODIUM FLUORIDE
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications		SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Japan - prohibited for use in some types of cosmetics		SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE, SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics		METHYLPARABEN

Neurotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		GLYCERIN
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		METHYLPARABEN, SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		FD&C BLUE 1
Strong evidence of human neurotoxicity		SODIUM FLUORIDE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at very low doses		SODIUM SACCHARIN

Endocrine disruption*

*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses		SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE, GLYCERIN
One or more studies show endocrine system disruption at low doses		SODIUM FLUORIDE
Human any disruptor - strong evidence		PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN

Allergies/immunotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence		PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN

Persistence and bioaccumulation*

*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Not suspected to be persistent		SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife and humans		HYDRATED SILICA

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*

*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		SORBITOL, SODIUM SACCHARIN, CELLULOSE GUM
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	SILICA
One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		FD&C BLUE 1, SODIUM SULFATE
Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity		PROPYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at low doses		SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	SODIUM CARBONATE
One or more animal studies show kidney or renal system effects at very low doses		GLYCERIN, SODIUM FLUORIDE
Known human any toxicant		METHYLPARABEN

Miscellaneous*

*This table includes all possible miscellaneous concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Occupational hazards related to handling		SODIUM FLUORIDE
Ingredient not fully labeled - identity unknown		FLAVOR

Multiple, additive exposure sources*

*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food		XANTHAN GUM, SORBITOL, SODIUM SULFATE, SODIUM SACCHARIN, SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE, SODIUM FLUORIDE, SODIUM CARBONATE, PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN, GLYCERIN, FD&C BLUE 1, DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE, CALCIUM SULFATE, CELLULOSE GUM
Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available		SODIUM FLUORIDE

Ecotoxicology*

*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Suspected to be an environmental toxin		SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Wildlife and environmental toxicity		PROPYLPARABEN

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*

*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses		GLYCERIN
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses		METHYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses		SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Classified as irritant		SODIUM CARBONATE

Data gaps*

*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		SODIUM CARBONATE, PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN, CELLULOSE GUM
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel		HYDRATED SILICA, FLAVOR, XANTHAN GUM, SORBITOL, SODIUM SACCHARIN, GLYCERIN, DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE, CALCIUM SULFATE

Occupational hazards*

*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses		GLYCERIN
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to very low doses		SODIUM FLUORIDE

Biochemical or cellular level changes*

*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at very low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		SILICA, SODIUM FLUORIDE
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at moderate doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		CELLULOSE GUM, GLYCERIN
Interferes with gene expresion		METHYLPARABEN