Fresh Repair & Restore Eye Balm || Skin Deep: Cosmetic Safety Reviews

FRESH REPAIR & RESTORE EYE BALM

last updated: 03/15/09 brand: Fresh by Fresh

SCORE

high hazard (out of 10)

84%

data gap

BUY ONLINE/BETTER PRODUCTS

see online retailers

98% of anti-agings have lower concerns
99% of around-eye creams have lower concerns

COMPANY POLICIES

Compact for Safe Cosmetics
Non-signer: This company has not signed the Compact.

Animal Testing Policy
This company's animal testing policy is unknown.

Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.

Ingredients in this product are linked to:
	Cancer
	Developmental/reproductive toxicity
	Violations, restrictions & warnings
	Allergies/immunotoxicity
	Other concerns for ingredients used in this product: Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Miscellaneous, Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes

Ingredients from packaging: WATER (AQUA), C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE, SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, GLYCERIN, PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRAISOSTEARATE, STEARETH-21, GLYCERYL STEARATE, COMMIPHORA MYRRHA EXTRACT, TRITICUM VULGARE (WHEAT) GERM PROTEIN, IRIS FLORENTINA ROOT EXTRACT, VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT, CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT, ANTHEMIS NOBILIS FLOWER EXTRACT, ORMENIS MULTICAULIS FLOWER WAX, RIBES NIGRUM (BLACK CURRANT) SEED OIL, LIMNANTHES ALBA (MEADOWFOAM) SEED OIL, BORAGO OFFICINALIS SEED OIL, CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) FRUIT EXTRACT, RETINYL PALMITATE, MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA BUTTER) EXTRACT, HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) SEED OIL, CERATONIA SILIQUA GUM, CETYL ALCOHOL, STEARYL ALCOHOL, STEARETH-2, NYLON 12, SODIUM ACRYLATES/C10-30 ALKYL ACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER, POLYACRYLAMIDE, FRAGRANCE (PARFUM), CAPRYLIC/CAPRICTRIGLYCERIDE, C13-14 ISOPARAFFIN, LAURYL METHACRYLATE/GLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER, LAURETH 7, SODIUM CARBOMER, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, POLYSORBATE 20, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, METHYLPARABEN, CHLORPHENESIN, ETHYLPARABEN, BUTYLPARABEN, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, TETRASODIUM EDTA, PROPYLPARABEN, ISOBUTYLPARABEN, PHENOXYETHANOL, PROPYL GALLATE, CITRIC ACID, BHT

user reviews & comments

NEW! No reviews or ratings yet. Log in and be the first to leave a comment!

ingredients

	score	data gap	concerns
METHYLPARABEN	10	63%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Biochemical or cellular level changes
FRAGRANCE	8	100%	Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Miscellaneous
BUTYLPARABEN	6	79%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes
BHT	6	61%	Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes
ETHYLPARABEN	5	80%	Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE	5	72%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
PROPYLPARABEN	5	71%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
RETINYL PALMITATE	5	68%	Cancer, Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE	4	81%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE)
PHENOXYETHANOL	4	67%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards
PROPYL GALLATE	4	65%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Occupational hazards
PROPYLENE GLYCOL	4	60%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption
LAURETH-7	3	100%	Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
ISOBUTYLPARABEN	3	83%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
SODIUM ACRYLATES/ C10-30 ALKYL ACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER	3	75%	Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
CITRIC ACID	3	72%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
POLYACRYLAMIDE	3	71%	Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ACRYLAMIDE)
TETRASODIUM EDTA	2	81%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Occupational hazards
CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) LEAF EXTRACT CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT	2	76%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
GLYCERIN	2	74%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
CHLORPHENESIN	2	72%	Violations, restrictions & warnings
COMMIPHORA MYRRHA (MYRRH) EXTRACT COMMIPHORA MYRRHA EXTRACT	1	100%	Multiple, additive exposure sources
VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT	1	100%	Multiple, additive exposure sources
C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE	0	94%	none identified
CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE	0	94%	none identified
C13-14 ISOPARAFFIN	1	93%	none identified
STEARETH-21	1	89%	none identified
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE GLYCERYL STEARATE	1	88%	none identified
STEARETH-2	1	88%	none identified
CETYL ALCOHOL	1	87%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL	1	87%	none identified
CERATONIA SILIQUA (CAROB) GUM CERATONIA SILIQUA GUM	1	85%	none identified
POLYSORBATE-20	1	84%	none identified
STEARYL ALCOHOL	1	84%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE	1	82%	none identified
ANTHEMIS NOBILIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER EXTRACT ANTHEMIS NOBILIS FLOWER EXTRACT	1	80%	Enhanced skin absorption
ORMENIS MULTICAULIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER WAX ORMENIS MULTICAULIS FLOWER WAX	1	80%	Enhanced skin absorption
BUTYLENE GLYCOL	1	79%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
BORAGO OFFICINALIS (BORAGE) SEED OIL BORAGO OFFICINALIS SEED OIL	0	100%	none identified
BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA BUTTER) EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) FRUIT EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
LAURYL METHACRYLATE/ GLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER	0	100%	none identified
ORRIS EXTRACT IRIS FLORENTINA ROOT EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRAISOSTEARATE	0	100%	none identified
SODIUM CARBOMER	0	100%	none identified
WHEAT GERM PROTEIN	0	100%	none identified
LIMNANTHES ALBA (MEADOWFOAM) SEED OIL	0	100%	none identified
MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE	0	99%	none identified
HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) OIL HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) SEED OIL	0	94%	none identified
NYLON-12	0	94%	none identified
RIBES NIGRUM (BLACKCURRANT) SEED OIL	0	94%	none identified
WATER	0	0%	innocuous

Cancer*

*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results		PHENOXYETHANOL
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses		CERATONIA SILIQUA (CAROB) GUM, STEARYL ALCOHOL
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		PROPYLPARABEN
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results		CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYL GALLATE, METHYLPARABEN, GLYCERIN, ETHYLPARABEN, BUTYLPARABEN
Cancer - limited evidence		RETINYL PALMITATE
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen		BHT

Developmental/reproductive toxicity*

*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses		PROPYL GALLATE, POLYSORBATE-20, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, ETHYLPARABEN, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, BHT
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		PROPYLENE GLYCOL, GLYCERIN
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at low doses		RETINYL PALMITATE,
One or more animal studies show any effects at low doses		PROPYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show any effects at very low doses		BUTYLPARABEN

Violations, restrictions & warnings*

*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications		SODIUM ACRYLATES/ C10-30 ALKYL ACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYL GALLATE, POLYACRYLAMIDE, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics		RETINYL PALMITATE
Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Fragrance subject to restrictions: safe only within recommended use or concentration limitsn)		CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) LEAF EXTRACT
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics		CITRIC ACID, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, CHLORPHENESIN, PHENOXYETHANOL
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics		METHYLPARABEN
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Japan - prohibited for use in some types of cosmetics		CHLORPHENESIN

Neurotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		RETINYL PALMITATE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, POLYACRYLAMIDE, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, GLYCERIN, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, BUTYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		METHYLPARABEN, ORMENIS MULTICAULIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER WAX, PHENOXYETHANOL, PROPYL GALLATE, CHLORPHENESIN, ANTHEMIS NOBILIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER EXTRACT
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at low doses		BHT
Moderate evidence of human neurotoxicity		FRAGRANCE

Endocrine disruption*

*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses		ORMENIS MULTICAULIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER WAX, GLYCERIN, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, ANTHEMIS NOBILIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER EXTRACT, BHT
One or more animal studies show endocrine disruption at moderate doses		ISOBUTYLPARABEN
Human any disruptor - strong evidence		PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN, ETHYLPARABEN, BUTYLPARABEN

Allergies/immunotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity		PHENOXYETHANOL
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity		PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, PROPYLPARABEN, PROPYL GALLATE, METHYLPARABEN, ISOBUTYLPARABEN, ETHYLPARABEN, CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, BUTYLPARABEN
Known human immune system toxicant		FRAGRANCE, BHT

Persistence and bioaccumulation*

*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative		POLYACRYLAMIDE
Not suspected to be persistent		CETYL ALCOHOL

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*

*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		ORMENIS MULTICAULIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER WAX, ANTHEMIS NOBILIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER EXTRACT, SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL, POLYSORBATE-20, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, CERATONIA SILIQUA (CAROB) GUM
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	STEARYL ALCOHOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, CETYL ALCOHOL
One or more animal studies show liver effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		POLYACRYLAMIDE, STEARETH-21, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, STEARETH-2, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, PROPYL GALLATE,
One or more animal studies show any effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		C13-14 ISOPARAFFIN
Limited evidence of skin toxicity		RETINYL PALMITATE, PROPYLPARABEN, ISOBUTYLPARABEN, ETHYLPARABEN, BUTYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show blood effects at low doses		BHT
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	PHENOXYETHANOL, CITRIC ACID
Limited evidence of eye toxicity	products for use around the eyes	TETRASODIUM EDTA
Possible human immune system toxicant		CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
One or more animal studies show kidney or renal system effects at very low doses		GLYCERIN
Known human any toxicant		METHYLPARABEN

Miscellaneous*

*This table includes all possible miscellaneous concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Ingredient not fully labeled - identity unknown		FRAGRANCE

Multiple, additive exposure sources*

*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, TETRASODIUM EDTA, STEARYL ALCOHOL, RETINYL PALMITATE, PROPYLPARABEN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYL GALLATE, POLYSORBATE-20, POLYACRYLAMIDE, METHYLPARABEN, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, GLYCERIN, CITRIC ACID, CETYL ALCOHOL, CERATONIA SILIQUA (CAROB) GUM, CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) LEAF EXTRACT, BUTYLPARABEN, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, BHT, ANTHEMIS NOBILIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER EXTRACT
Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available		VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT, COMMIPHORA MYRRHA (MYRRH) EXTRACT

Ecotoxicology*

*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Suspected to be an environmental toxin		POLYACRYLAMIDE, CETYL ALCOHOL
Wildlife and environmental toxicity		PROPYLPARABEN

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*

*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at high doses		PROPYL GALLATE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses		POLYSORBATE-20, ORMENIS MULTICAULIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER WAX, GLYCERIN, CITRIC ACID, BUTYLPARABEN, ANTHEMIS NOBILIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER EXTRACT
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses		TETRASODIUM EDTA, METHYLPARABEN, BHT
Human skin irritant - moderate evidence		CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses		CETYL ALCOHOL
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	STEARYL ALCOHOL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL
Classified as skin irritant		PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PHENOXYETHANOL

Data gaps*

*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Considered safe based on assumption of low absorption		POLYACRYLAMIDE, SODIUM ACRYLATES/ C10-30 ALKYL ACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		ISOBUTYLPARABEN, STEARETH-2, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		STEARETH-2, STEARYL ALCOHOL, TETRASODIUM EDTA, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, RETINYL PALMITATE, SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL, PROPYLPARABEN, PHENOXYETHANOL, ORMENIS MULTICAULIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER WAX, POLYSORBATE-20, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, METHYLPARABEN, ETHYLPARABEN, MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, BUTYLPARABEN, CETYL ALCOHOL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, BHT, ANTHEMIS NOBILIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER EXTRACT
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel		STEARETH-21, LIMNANTHES ALBA (MEADOWFOAM) SEED OIL, VITIS VINIFERA (GRAPE) SEED EXTRACT, WHEAT GERM PROTEIN, SODIUM CARBOMER, RIBES NIGRUM (BLACKCURRANT) SEED OIL, PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRAISOSTEARATE, ORRIS EXTRACT, ORMENIS MULTICAULIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER WAX, NYLON-12, LAURYL METHACRYLATE/ GLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER, LAURETH-7, HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) OIL, GLYCERIN, FRAGRANCE, CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) FRUIT EXTRACT, COMMIPHORA MYRRHA (MYRRH) EXTRACT, CITRIC ACID, CHLORPHENESIN, CERATONIA SILIQUA (CAROB) GUM, CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) LEAF EXTRACT, C13-14 ISOPARAFFIN, C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE, BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA BUTTER) EXTRACT, BORAGO OFFICINALIS (BORAGE) SEED OIL, ANTHEMIS NOBILIS (CHAMOMILE) FLOWER EXTRACT

Occupational hazards*

*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses		GLYCERIN
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		PHENOXYETHANOL, PROPYL GALLATE, TETRASODIUM EDTA
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		BHT

Biochemical or cellular level changes*

*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Interferes with gene expresion		METHYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		GLYCERIN
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		BHT
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		POLYACRYLAMIDE, SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease.		RETINYL PALMITATE
Interferes with gene expresion		BUTYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		CITRIC ACID