pH Advantage Acne Treatment, PM Cream Treatment (2006 formulation) || Skin Deep: Cosmetic Safety Reviews

PH ADVANTAGE ACNE TREATMENT, PM CREAM TREATMENT (2006 FORMULATION)

last updated: 05/01/06 brand: pH Advantage by Total Skin Care LLC

SCORE

high hazard (out of 10)

85%

data gap

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100% of acne treatments have lower concerns
100% of facial moisturizer/treatments have lower concerns

COMPANY POLICIES

Compact for Safe Cosmetics
Non-signer: This company has not signed the Compact.

Animal Testing Policy
This company's animal testing policy is unknown.

Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.

Ingredients in this product are linked to:
	Cancer
	Developmental/reproductive toxicity
	Violations, restrictions & warnings
	Allergies/immunotoxicity
	Other concerns for ingredients used in this product: Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Miscellaneous, Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes

Ingredients from packaging: ACTIVE INGREDIENT PURPOSE SALICYLIC ACID 2%................ACNE TREATMENT OTHER INGREDIENTS WATER, CORN STARCH MODIFIED, METHYL GLUCETH-20 BENZOATE, PPG-14 BUTYL ETHER, PENTYLENE GLYCOL, LACTIC ACID, ARACHIDYL ALCOHOL (AND) BEHENYL ALCOHOL (AND) ARACHIDYL GLUCOSIDE, GLYCERYL STEARATE (AND) PEG-100 STEARATE, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, SODIUM PCA (AND) BETAINE 9 (AND) SORBITOL (AND) GLYCINE (AND) ALANINE (AND) PROLINE (AND) SERINE (AND) THREONINE (AND) ARGININE (AND) LYSINE (AND) GLUTAMIC ACID, PHENYL TRIMETHICONE, STEARYL ALCOHOL (AND) CETEARETH-20, GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) EXTRACT (AND) CERAMIDE 3, SODIUM C8-16 ISOALKYLSUCCINYL SOY PROTEIN SULFONATE, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, ASCORBYL METHYLSILANOL PECTINATE, SACCHAROMYCES LYSATE EXTRACT, FARNESOL, SODIUM HYALURONATE, SORBITAN STEARATE, MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE, CAMELLIA OLEIFERA (GREEN TEA) SEED EXTRACT, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, BUTYLENE GLYCOL (AND) SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS (BURNET) EXTRACT (AND) CINNAMOMUM CASSIA (CINNAMON) EXTRACT (AND) ZINGIBER OFFICINALIS (GINGER) EXTRACT, XANTHAN GUM, PYRUS MALUS (APPLE) FRUIT EXTRACT, ACUMINA (COLA) SEED EXTRACT, ALOE BARBADENSIS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, BISABOLOL, PANTHENOL, CYMBOPOGON SCHOENANTHUS (LEMONGRASS) OIL, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, RETINYL PALMITATE, NIACINAMIDE, ALLANTOIN, TETRASODIUM EDTA, METHYLPARABEN, PROPYLPARABEN, BLUE 1, FRAGRANCE

Directions from packaging: Cleanse face thoroughly before applying cream. Apply all over face in the evening. pH 4.5

Warnings from packaging: For external use only. Using other topical acne drugs at the same time or right after use of this product may increase dryness or irritation of the skin. If this occurs, only one drug should be used unless directed by a doctor. When using this product avoid contact with eyes. If contact occurs, immediately flush with water. Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.

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ingredients

	score	data gap	concerns
METHYLPARABEN	10	63%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Biochemical or cellular level changes
FRAGRANCE	8	100%	Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Miscellaneous
CETEARETH-20	8	71%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PEG-100 STEARATE	7	69%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
SALICYLIC ACID (Active Ingredient)	7	66%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Neurotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Multiple, additive exposure sources, Enhanced skin absorption
DIAZOLIDINYL UREA	6	59%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Contamination concerns (FORMALDEHYDE)
PROPYLPARABEN	5	71%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
LACTIC ACID	5	70%	Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
RETINYL PALMITATE	5	68%	Cancer, Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Violations, restrictions & warnings, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes
MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE	4	88%	Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE	4	81%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Contamination concerns (HYDROQUINONE)
PROPYLENE GLYCOL	4	60%	Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption
ARGININE	3	79%	Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
FARNESOL	3	75%	Allergies/immunotoxicity
PANTHENOL	2	88%	Multiple, additive exposure sources
GLUTAMIC ACID	2	85%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes
FD&C BLUE 1	1	83%	none identified
BETAINE	2	82%	Multiple, additive exposure sources
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE	2	81%	Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
NIACINAMIDE	2	81%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes
TETRASODIUM EDTA	2	81%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Occupational hazards
SODIUM PCA	2	71%	Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES)
ARACHIDYL ALCOHOL	0	94%	none identified
CYMBOPOGON (LEMON GRASS) OIL CYMBOPOGON SCHOENANTHUS (LEMONGRASS) OIL	1	94%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
PHENYL TRIMETHICONE	0	93%	none identified
PROLINE	1	92%	none identified
SORBITAN STEARATE	1	92%	none identified
PENTYLENE GLYCOL	1	89%	none identified
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE GLYCERYL STEARATE	1	88%	none identified
SORBITOL	1	88%	none identified
LYSINE	1	87%	none identified
THREONINE	1	86%	none identified
STEARYL ALCOHOL	1	84%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
SODIUM HYALURONATE	1	83%	none identified
HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE	1	82%	none identified
BISABOLOL	1	80%	Enhanced skin absorption
BUTYLENE GLYCOL	1	79%	Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
GLYCINE	1	79%	none identified
ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA)	1	72%	none identified
PPG-14 BUTYL ETHER	1	71%	Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
ARACHIDYL GLUCOSIDE	0	100%	none identified
ASCORBYL METHYLSILANOL PECTINATE	0	100%	none identified
CAMELLIA OLEIFERA (TEA-OIL CAMELLIA) SEED EXTRACT CAMELLIA OLEIFERA (GREEN TEA) SEED EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
CERAMIDE 3	0	100%	none identified
CINNAMONUM CASSIA (CINNAMON) BARK EXTRACT CINNAMOMUM CASSIA (CINNAMON) EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
COLA ACUMINATA (KOLA) SEED EXTRACT ACUMINA (COLA) SEED EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
CORN STARCH, MODIFIED	0	100%	none identified
GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) SEED EXTRACT GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
METHYL GLUCETH-20 BENZOATE	0	100%	none identified
PHOSPHOLIPIDS	0	100%	none identified
PYRUS MALUS (APPLE) FRUIT EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS (GREAT BURNET) ROOT EXTRACT SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS (BURNET) EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
SODIUM C8-16 ISOALKYLSUCCINYL SOY PROTEIN SULFONATE	0	100%	none identified
ZINGIBER OFFICINALE (GINGER) EXTRACT ZINGIBER OFFICINALIS (GINGER) EXTRACT	0	100%	none identified
ALANINE	0	94%	none identified
ALLANTOIN	0	94%	none identified
SERINE	0	94%	none identified
XANTHAN GUM	0	94%	none identified
BEHENYL ALCOHOL	0	93%	none identified
SACCHAROMYCES/ LYSATE EXTRACT	0	93%	none identified
WATER	0	0%	innocuous

Cancer*

*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more in vitro tests on microorganisms show positive mutation results		FARNESOL
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses		STEARYL ALCOHOL
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at moderate doses		PEG-100 STEARATE
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results		ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA), AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, THREONINE, SORBITOL, PROPYLPARABEN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PROLINE, NIACINAMIDE, METHYLPARABEN, LYSINE, GLYCINE, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, GLUTAMIC ACID, ARGININE
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen		SALICYLIC ACID, LACTIC ACID
Cancer - limited evidence		RETINYL PALMITATE
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen		FD&C BLUE 1

Developmental/reproductive toxicity*

*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses		PEG-100 STEARATE, LYSINE, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		SODIUM HYALURONATE
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses		BUTYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses		SALICYLIC ACID, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, ARGININE
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at low doses		RETINYL PALMITATE,
One or more animal studies show any effects at low doses		PROPYLPARABEN
Human nervous system toxicant - moderate evidence		MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE

Violations, restrictions & warnings*

*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications		PEG-100 STEARATE, SODIUM PCA, SALICYLIC ACID, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, PPG-14 BUTYL ETHER, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, LACTIC ACID, CETEARETH-20, ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA)
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics		RETINYL PALMITATE, SALICYLIC ACID, LACTIC ACID, SALICYLIC ACID
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics		METHYLPARABEN
Violation of industry recommendations - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Allowable pH limits		LACTIC ACID
Violation of industry recommendations - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Not safe for use on injured or damaged skin	products for use on damaged skin	CETEARETH-20, PEG-100 STEARATE

Neurotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses		NIACINAMIDE, PENTYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, RETINYL PALMITATE, BETAINE, THREONINE, LACTIC ACID, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, GLYCINE, FD&C BLUE 1, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, BUTYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		SODIUM HYALURONATE, PPG-14 BUTYL ETHER, GLUTAMIC ACID, METHYLPARABEN, CETEARETH-20, BISABOLOL
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at low doses		SALICYLIC ACID
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at very low doses		ARGININE
Strong evidence of human neurotoxicity		MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses		FARNESOL
Moderate evidence of human neurotoxicity		FRAGRANCE

Endocrine disruption*

*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses		BETAINE, SODIUM PCA, GLYCINE, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, BISABOLOL
One or more animal studies show endocrine disruption at moderate doses		ARGININE, NIACINAMIDE
Human any disruptor - strong evidence		PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN

Allergies/immunotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity		PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence		TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, PROPYLPARABEN, METHYLPARABEN
Possible human immune system toxicant		FARNESOL
Known human immune system toxicant		FRAGRANCE, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA

Persistence and bioaccumulation*

*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative		AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife		SALICYLIC ACID

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*

*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show metabolic effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		THREONINE, FARNESOL, BISABOLOL, SORBITOL, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, SODIUM PCA, PENTYLENE GLYCOL, PANTHENOL, GLYCINE, DIAZOLIDINYL UREA
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	STEARYL ALCOHOL, SODIUM HYALURONATE, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		FD&C BLUE 1
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)		GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, BETAINE
Limited evidence of skin toxicity		RETINYL PALMITATE, PEG-100 STEARATE, MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE, PROPYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at low doses	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	CETEARETH-20
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	LACTIC ACID, SALICYLIC ACID
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at low doses		PPG-14 BUTYL ETHER
One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses	products for use around the eyes, mouth, or lips	AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
One or more animal studies show liver effects at very low doses		NIACINAMIDE, GLUTAMIC ACID, ARGININE
Limited evidence of eye toxicity	products for use around the eyes	TETRASODIUM EDTA
Known human any toxicant		METHYLPARABEN

Miscellaneous*

*This table includes all possible miscellaneous concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Occupational hazards related to handling		AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Ingredient not fully labeled - identity unknown		FRAGRANCE

Multiple, additive exposure sources*

*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food		PEG-100 STEARATE, XANTHAN GUM, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, THREONINE, TETRASODIUM EDTA, STEARYL ALCOHOL, SORBITOL, SORBITAN STEARATE, SERINE, SALICYLIC ACID, RETINYL PALMITATE, PROPYLPARABEN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PROLINE, NIACINAMIDE, METHYLPARABEN, LYSINE, LACTIC ACID, GLYCINE, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, GLUTAMIC ACID, FD&C BLUE 1, FARNESOL, CYMBOPOGON (LEMON GRASS) OIL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, ARGININE, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA), ALANINE
Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available		BETAINE, PANTHENOL, SALICYLIC ACID

Ecotoxicology*

*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Wildlife and environmental toxicity		AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, PROPYLPARABEN

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*

*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at high doses		PENTYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses		SORBITAN STEARATE, SODIUM HYALURONATE, SALICYLIC ACID, PPG-14 BUTYL ETHER, BISABOLOL
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses		TETRASODIUM EDTA, METHYLPARABEN, CYMBOPOGON (LEMON GRASS) OIL, CETEARETH-20
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses		LACTIC ACID, PEG-100 STEARATE
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	STEARYL ALCOHOL
Human skin irritant - moderate evidence		AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Classified as skin irritant		PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Human any irritant - strong evidence	products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne)	BUTYLENE GLYCOL

Data gaps*

*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		STEARYL ALCOHOL, TETRASODIUM EDTA, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, PEG-100 STEARATE
Missing safety data noted by cosmetic industry review		ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA)
Safety assessment was based on related chemical		PEG-100 STEARATE, PPG-14 BUTYL ETHER, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product		PROPYLPARABEN, RETINYL PALMITATE, SORBITAN STEARATE, NIACINAMIDE, PHENYL TRIMETHICONE, PANTHENOL, METHYLPARABEN, HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE, MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE, GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, BISABOLOL, BEHENYL ALCOHOL
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel		BETAINE, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE (GINGER) EXTRACT, XANTHAN GUM, THREONINE, SORBITOL, SODIUM C8-16 ISOALKYLSUCCINYL SOY PROTEIN SULFONATE, SERINE, SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS (GREAT BURNET) ROOT EXTRACT, SACCHAROMYCES/ LYSATE EXTRACT, PYRUS MALUS (APPLE) FRUIT EXTRACT, PROLINE, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, PENTYLENE GLYCOL, METHYL GLUCETH-20 BENZOATE, LYSINE, GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) SEED EXTRACT, GLYCINE, GLUTAMIC ACID, FRAGRANCE, FARNESOL, CYMBOPOGON (LEMON GRASS) OIL, CORN STARCH, MODIFIED, COLA ACUMINATA (KOLA) SEED EXTRACT, CINNAMONUM CASSIA (CINNAMON) BARK EXTRACT, CERAMIDE 3, CAMELLIA OLEIFERA (TEA-OIL CAMELLIA) SEED EXTRACT, ASCORBYL METHYLSILANOL PECTINATE, ARGININE, ARACHIDYL GLUCOSIDE, ARACHIDYL ALCOHOL, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, ALLANTOIN, ALANINE

Occupational hazards*

*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses		TETRASODIUM EDTA
No workplace limits set		LACTIC ACID

Biochemical or cellular level changes*

*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern	product conditions	ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at very low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		GLUTAMIC ACID, NIACINAMIDE
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood		ARGININE, FARNESOL, GLYCINE, BETAINE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease.		RETINYL PALMITATE
Interferes with gene expresion		METHYLPARABEN