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DARK & LOVELY NO-MISTAKE NO-LYE CHILDREN'S RELAXER SYSTEM (2005 FORMULATION)

last updated: 04/01/05 brand: Dark & Lovely by L'Oréal

SCORE

10

high hazard (out of 10)

 

80%

data gap

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95% of hair relaxers have lower concerns

COMPANY POLICIES

Compact for Safe Cosmetics
Non-signer: This company has not signed the Compact.

Animal Testing Policy
This company conducts animal tests.


Parents' Buying Guide

Given the incomplete information made available by companies and the government, EWG provides additional information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature. The chart below indicates that research studies have found that exposure to one or more ingredients in this product -- not the product itself -- caused the indicated health effect(s) in the studies reviewed by Skin Deep researchers. Actual health risks, if any, will vary based on the level of exposure to the ingredient and individual susceptibility -- information not available in Skin Deep.


Ingredients in this product are linked to:
yesCancer
yesDevelopmental/reproductive toxicity
yesViolations, restrictions & warnings
yesAllergies/immunotoxicity
yesOther concerns for ingredients used in this product:
Neurotoxicity, Endocrine disruption, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Miscellaneous, Multiple, additive exposure sources, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns, Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes


Ingredients from packaging: MINERAL OIL PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUM , DICAPRYLYL MALEATE , HYDROGENATED BUTYLENE/ETHYLENE/STYRENE COPOLYMER , HYDROGENATED ETHYLENE/PROPYLENE/STYRENE COPOLYMER , SILICA , ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE , D&C RED NO. 17 CI 26100 , WATER AQUA , MINERAL OIL PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUM , PETROLATUM , GUANIDINE CARBONATE , CETEARYL ALCOHOL , CETEARETH-20 , PPG-5-CETETH-10 PHOSPHATE , POLYQUATERNIUM-37 , PPG-1 TRIDECETH-6 , SUCCINIC ACID , D&C ORANGE NO. 4 CI15510 , FRAGRANCE , PROPYLENE GLYCOL , CALCIUM HYDROXIDE , SILICA , TITANIUM DIOXIDE , WATER AQUA , SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE , LAURAMIDE DEA , SODIUM COCOAMPHOACETATE , POLYQUATERIUM-7 , QUATERNIUM-75 , PPG-5-CETETH-10 PHOSPHATE , HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN , HYDROLYZED WHEAT STARCH , PANTHENOL , PEG-75 LANOLIN , PEG-14M , DISODIUM EDTA , TRIETHANOLAMINE , CITRIC ACID , PHENOLSULFONPHTHALEIN , METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE , PROPYLENE GLYCOL , METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE , SODIUM CHLORIDE , SODIUM HYDROXYMETHYLGLYCINATE , FRAGRANCE , WATER AQUA , PROPYLENE GLYCOL , SILK AMINO ACIDS , HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN , HYDROLYZED WHEAT STARCH , ALOE BARBADENSIS GEL , PANTHENOL , POLYQUATERNIUM-11 , POLYQUATERNIUM-6 , POLYQUATERNIUM-10 , PEG-7M , OLETH-20 , TRIETHANOLAMINE , METHYLDIBROMO GLUTARONITRILE , PHENOXYETHANOL , METHYLPARABEN , PROPYLPARABEN , D&C RED NO. 33 CI 17200 , FRAGRANCE

Warnings from packaging: Contains Alkali. Please follow instructions carefully to avoid skin ands scalp burns, hair loss and eye injury. Do not use if scalp is irritated or injured. Do not use on bleached hair or permanently colored hair that is breaking, splitting or otherwise damaged. If hair has been previously relaxed, apply only to new growth as described in the directions. If relaxer causes skin or scalp irritation, rinse out immediately and wash with the shampoo in the kit. If irritation persists, or if hair loss occurs, consult a physician. Keep away from eyes. Can cause blindness. If relaxer gets into eyes, rinse immediately and consult a physician. Recommended for children 5 years of age or older. Keep out of reach of children.

 

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ingredients

     score    data gap       concerns
METHYLPARABEN1063%Violations, restrictions & warnings, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Biochemical or cellular level changes
FRAGRANCE8100%Neurotoxicity, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Miscellaneous
CETEARETH-20571%Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption, Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
METHYLDIBROMO GLUTARONITRILE760%Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
SILICA769%Cancer, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Biochemical or cellular level changes
PEG-14M476%Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PEG-7M476%Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
PEG-75 LANOLIN475%Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE663%Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE663%Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity
TRIETHANOLAMINE658%Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES), Occupational hazards
D&C ORANGE 4
D&C ORANGE NO. 4 (CI15510)		272%Developmental/reproductive toxicity
PROPYLPARABEN571%Developmental/reproductive toxicity, Endocrine disruption, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
D&C RED 17
D&C RED NO. 17 (CI26100)		270%Persistence and bioaccumulation, Biochemical or cellular level changes
SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE488%Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
OLETH-20387%Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)481%Cancer, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards, Biochemical or cellular level changes
D&C RED 33
D&C RED NO. 33 (CI17200)		175%none identified
MINERAL OIL473%Cancer, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Occupational hazards
PHENOXYETHANOL467%Violations, restrictions & warnings, Allergies/immunotoxicity, Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Occupational hazards
PROPYLENE GLYCOL460%Allergies/immunotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Enhanced skin absorption
PPG-5-CETETH-10 PHOSPHATE399%Contamination concerns (ETHYLENE OXIDE, 1,4-DIOXANE)
DISODIUM EDTA378%Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Enhanced skin absorption
CITRIC ACID272%Violations, restrictions & warnings
LAURAMIDE DEA370%Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs), Contamination concerns (NITROSAMINES)
SODIUM HYDROXYMETHYLGLYCINATE2100%Contamination concerns (FORMALDEHYDE)
PETROLATUM294%Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive), Contamination concerns (PAHS)
POLYQUATERNIUM-7
POLYQUATERIUM-7		293%Contamination concerns (ACRYLAMIDE)
PANTHENOL288%Multiple, additive exposure sources
POLYQUATERNIUM-6287%Persistence and bioaccumulation, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE183%Occupational hazards
SUCCINIC ACID282%Neurotoxicity, Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN195%Allergies/immunotoxicity
POLYQUATERNIUM-37094%none identified
CETEARYL ALCOHOL093%none identified
DICAPRYLYL MALEATE189%none identified
GUANIDINE CARBONATE189%none identified
PHENOLSULFONPHTHALEIN188%Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE186%Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) GEL
ALOE BARBADENSIS GEL		172%none identified
HYDROGENATED BUTYLENE/ ETHYLENE/ STYRENE COPOLYMER0100%none identified
HYDROGENATED ETHYLENE/ PROPYLENE/ STYRENE COPOLYMER0100%none identified
HYDROLYZED WHEAT STARCH0100%none identified
PPG-1 TRIDECETH-60100%none identified
QUATERNIUM-750100%none identified
SILK AMINO ACIDS0100%none identified
SODIUM COCOAMPHOACETATE099%none identified
POLYQUATERNIUM-10093%none identified
POLYQUATERNIUM-11093%none identified
SODIUM CHLORIDE00%innocuous
WATER00%innocuous


Cancer*

*This table includes all possible cancer concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show tumor formation at high doses   LAURAMIDE DEA
One or more in vitro tests non-mammalian cells show positive mutation results   PHENOXYETHANOL, PHENOLSULFONPHTHALEIN, METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE, D&C RED 33
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results   SUCCINIC ACID, SODIUM CHLORIDE, PROPYLPARABEN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, METHYLPARABEN, DISODIUM EDTA, D&C ORANGE 4, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen   TRIETHANOLAMINE
Cancer - limited evidence products that may be aerosolized (airborne) MINERAL OIL
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen   D&C RED 17
Cancer - not classifiable/not likely to be human carcinogen products that may be aerosolized (airborne) SILICA
Limited evidence of carcinogenicity products that may be aerosolized (airborne) TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)

Developmental/reproductive toxicity*

*This table includes all possible developmental/reproductive toxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses   METHYLDIBROMO GLUTARONITRILE, DISODIUM EDTA
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses   PROPYLENE GLYCOL,
One or more animal studies show any effects at moderate doses   ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) GEL
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at low doses   D&C ORANGE 4,
One or more animal studies show any effects at low doses   PROPYLPARABEN

Violations, restrictions & warnings*

*This table includes all possible violations, restrictions & warnings concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications   PEG-75 LANOLIN, PEG-7M, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, TRIETHANOLAMINE, METHYLDIBROMO GLUTARONITRILE, METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE, PEG-14M, CETEARETH-20, LAURAMIDE DEA, METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE, ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) GEL, D&C RED 33
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics   METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE, METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE, CITRIC ACID, PHENOXYETHANOL, METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE, METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE, METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmetics   METHYLPARABEN, METHYLDIBROMO GLUTARONITRILE

Neurotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible neurotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses   PROPYLENE GLYCOL
One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells demonstrate neurotoxicity   METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at moderate doses   CETEARETH-20, METHYLPARABEN, PHENOXYETHANOL, POLYQUATERNIUM-6
Moderate evidence of human neurotoxicity   FRAGRANCE
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at very low doses   SUCCINIC ACID
One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at low doses   DISODIUM EDTA

Endocrine disruption*

*This table includes all possible endocrine disruption concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses   SUCCINIC ACID, TRIETHANOLAMINE
Human any disruptor - strong evidence   METHYLPARABEN, PROPYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses   DISODIUM EDTA

Allergies/immunotoxicity*

*This table includes all possible allergies/immunotoxicity concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence   PROPYLPARABEN
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity   PROPYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show immune effects at low doses products that may be aerosolized (airborne) TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)
One or more human case studies show possible skin allergy effects   HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN
Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity   PHENOXYETHANOL
Known human immune system toxicant   METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE, TRIETHANOLAMINE
Possible human immune system toxicant products that may be aerosolized (airborne) MINERAL OIL
Human immune system toxicant - strong evidence products that may be aerosolized (airborne) SILICA
Human skin toxicant - strong evidence   METHYLPARABEN
Known human immune system toxicant   FRAGRANCE, METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE, METHYLDIBROMO GLUTARONITRILE

Persistence and bioaccumulation*

*This table includes all possible persistence and bioaccumulation concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife and humans products that may be aerosolized (airborne) SILICA
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife   D&C RED 17
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative   PETROLATUM, POLYQUATERNIUM-6, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), TRIETHANOLAMINE

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)*

*This table includes all possible organ system toxicity (non-reproductive) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)   METHYLDIBROMO GLUTARONITRILE
One or more animal studies show gastrointestinal effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)   PHENOXYETHANOL
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful   PETROLATUM
One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)   D&C ORANGE 4, PANTHENOL, MINERAL OIL, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE, DICAPRYLYL MALEATE, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
One or more animal studies show respiratory effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) products that may be aerosolized (airborne) POLYQUATERNIUM-6, CETEARETH-20
One or more animal studies show liver effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient)   D&C RED 17, LAURAMIDE DEA, ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) GEL, CITRIC ACID, GUANIDINE CARBONATE, SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE, OLETH-20
One or more animal studies show broad systemic effects at low doses   DISODIUM EDTA
Limited evidence of sense organ toxicity   PEG-14M, PEG-7M, PROPYLPARABEN, PEG-75 LANOLIN
Possible human immune system toxicant   METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE, TRIETHANOLAMINE
One or more animal studies show kidney or renal system effects at very low doses   PHENOLSULFONPHTHALEIN, SUCCINIC ACID,
One or more animal studies show respiratory effects at very low doses products that may be aerosolized (airborne) TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)
Known human any toxicant   METHYLPARABEN
Known human respiratory toxicant products that may be aerosolized (airborne) SILICA
Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity products that may be aerosolized (airborne) PROPYLENE GLYCOL

Miscellaneous*

*This table includes all possible miscellaneous concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Ingredient not fully labeled - identity unknown   FRAGRANCE

Multiple, additive exposure sources*

*This table includes all possible multiple, additive exposure sources concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food   TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), TRIETHANOLAMINE, PEG-75 LANOLIN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYLPARABEN, SODIUM CHLORIDE, SUCCINIC ACID, PETROLATUM, PEG-7M, PEG-14M, CITRIC ACID, DISODIUM EDTA, MINERAL OIL, METHYLPARABEN, LAURAMIDE DEA, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE, ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) GEL
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food products that may be aerosolized (airborne) SILICA
Used in food or as an additive with limited or no toxicity information available   PANTHENOL

Ecotoxicology*

*This table includes all possible ecotoxicology concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Suspected to be an environmental toxin   POLYQUATERNIUM-6
Wildlife and environmental toxicity   PROPYLPARABEN
Not suspected to be an environmental toxin   PETROLATUM, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), TRIETHANOLAMINE

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)*

*This table includes all possible irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses   MINERAL OIL
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses   METHYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at moderate doses   CITRIC ACID, SODIUM CHLORIDE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at low doses   OLETH-20, METHYLDIBROMO GLUTARONITRILE, CETEARETH-20
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses   TRIETHANOLAMINE
One or more animal studies show significant but moderate pulmonary irritation at low doses products that may be aerosolized (airborne) TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)
Human any irritant - strong evidence products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne) SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE
One or more animal studies show skin irritation at very low doses   LAURAMIDE DEA
Human any irritant - strong evidence products for use around the eyes, on the skin, or may be aerosolized (airborne) ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Classified as irritant   PHENOXYETHANOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL

Data gaps*

*This table includes all possible data gaps concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Safety assessment was based on related chemical   OLETH-20, PEG-75 LANOLIN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PPG-5-CETETH-10 PHOSPHATE
Missing safety data noted by cosmetic industry review   ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) GEL
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product   PEG-75 LANOLIN, OLETH-20, SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE, SODIUM COCOAMPHOACETATE, PROPYLPARABEN, POLYQUATERNIUM-7, POLYQUATERNIUM-11, POLYQUATERNIUM-10, PHENOXYETHANOL, PANTHENOL, METHYLPARABEN, LAURAMIDE DEA, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE, DISODIUM EDTA, CETEARYL ALCOHOL
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel   QUATERNIUM-75, SILK AMINO ACIDS, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), SUCCINIC ACID, SODIUM HYDROXYMETHYLGLYCINATE, PPG-5-CETETH-10 PHOSPHATE, PETROLATUM, PHENOLSULFONPHTHALEIN, POLYQUATERNIUM-6, PPG-1 TRIDECETH-6, POLYQUATERNIUM-37, MINERAL OIL, PEG-7M, HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN, HYDROLYZED WHEAT STARCH, HYDROGENATED ETHYLENE/ PROPYLENE/ STYRENE COPOLYMER, CITRIC ACID, DICAPRYLYL MALEATE, HYDROGENATED BUTYLENE/ ETHYLENE/ STYRENE COPOLYMER, FRAGRANCE, GUANIDINE CARBONATE
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel products that may be aerosolized (airborne) SILICA
Not assessed for safety in cosmetics by industry panel   CALCIUM HYDROXIDE

Occupational hazards*

*This table includes all possible occupational hazards concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to moderate doses   CALCIUM HYDROXIDE, MINERAL OIL, TRIETHANOLAMINE
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses   TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO), PHENOXYETHANOL

Biochemical or cellular level changes*

*This table includes all possible biochemical or cellular level changes concerns for the ingredients used by this manufacturer. Some categorizations depend on how the product is used or formulated.

type of concern product conditions ingredient(s)
Interferes with gene expresion   METHYLPARABEN
One or more animal studies show blood sugar changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood   PROPYLENE GLYCOL
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at very low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood   SILICA,
One or more animal studies show respiratory changes at very low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood products that may be aerosolized (airborne) TITANIUM DIOXIDE (NON-NANO)
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at low doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood   D&C RED 17
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood   D&C ORANGE 4
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at moderate doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood   LAURAMIDE DEA
One or more animal studies show biochemical changes at high doses where the human health implications are not yet well understood   CITRIC ACID

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